不同灌水量和栽培方式对土壤养分及菊芋产量和品质的影响  

Effects of different irrigation amounts and cultivation methods on soil nutrients,yield and quality of Jerusalem artichoke

作　　者：施志国 王振龙 宿翠翠 周琦 高正睿 周彦芳 SHI Zhiguo;WANG Zhenlong;SU Cuicui;ZHOU Qi;GAO Zhengrui;ZHOU Yanfang(Gansu Academy of Agri-engineering Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第1期133-141,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(21JR7RA751);甘肃省民生科技专项-东西部扶贫协作专题项目(20CX9NA019)。

摘　　要：于2021—2022年开展大田裂区试验,以灌水量为主区,3个灌水量分别为3 750 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W1)、4 500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2)、5 250 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3),栽培方式为副区,2种方式分别为垄作(B1)、平作(B2),探索不同灌水量和栽培方式对河西荒漠化地区菊芋产量、品质和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,随着灌水量的增大,0~20 cm土层土壤全氮、碱解氮、总磷、有效磷含量呈下降趋势,而速效钾含量先上升后下降,其中W2B1处理表现最佳;W2B1处理菊芋株高、茎粗、单株块茎数、单株块茎质量和产量均高于其他处理,增幅分别为1.94%~19.79%、2.71%~28.87%、8.22%~31.68%、12.22%~57.81%和12.31%~58.01%。W1B1处理菊芋块茎总糖、还原糖、可溶性糖和菊糖含量均高于其他处理,增幅分别为7.25%~18.19%、1.35%~6.19%、4.20%~39.67%和7.58%~19.10%。菊糖含量表现为W1B1>W2B1>W2B2>W1B2>W3B2>W3B1,灌水量增大不利于菊糖在块茎中积累;相同灌水定额下,垄作方式比平作更有利于块茎菊糖积累。通过主成分分析综合评价不同处理对菊芋产量和品质以及土壤养分含量的影响发现,灌水量4 500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)配合垄作方式效果最佳,灌水量5 250 m^(3)·hm^(-2)配合平作方式效果最差。The field split zone experiments were conduct from^(2)021 to 2022.The three irrigation amounts were 3750 m^(3)·hm^(-2),4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2),and 5250 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3),respectively.The cultivation methods were ridge planting(B1)and flat planting(B2).The effects of different irrigation amounts and cultivation methods on the yield,quality,and soil nutrient content of Jerusalem artichoke in the desertification area of Hexi were studied.The results showed that with the increase of irrigation amount,the content of total nitrogen,avaiable nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus in the 0~20 cm soil layer showed a downward trend while the content of available potassium first increased and then decreased.The W2B1 treatment performed the best.The plant height,stem diameter,number of tubers per plant,tuber mass per plant,and yield of Jerusalem artichoke treated with W2B1 were higher than other treatments,with increases of 1.94%~19.79%,2.71%~28.87%,8.22%~31.68%,12.22%~57.81%,and 12.31%~58.01%,respectively.The total sugar,reducing sugar,soluble sugar,and inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke treated with W1B1 were higher than those of other treatments,with increases of 7.25%~18.19%,1.35%~6.19%,4.20%~39.67%,and 7.58%~19.10%,respectively.The inulin content is in the order of W1B1>W2B1>W2B2>W1B2>W3B2>W3B1.The results suggested that increasing irrigation was not conducive to the accumulation of inulin content in tubers.Under the same irrigation quota,ridge cultivation was more conducive to the accumulation of inulin in tubers than flat cultivation.Through principal component analysis,the comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different treatments on the yield and quality of Jerusalem artichoke as well as soil nutrient content showed that the combination of 4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2) irrigation with ridge planting had the best effect,while the combination of 5250 m^(3)·hm^(-2) irrigation with flat planting had the worst effect.

关 键 词：灌水量 栽培方式 菊芋 产量 品质 土壤养分 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S632.9[农业科学—农艺学]