三十烷醇纳米制剂对冬小麦抗旱生理特性的影响  

Effects of TRIA-LDH on physiological characteristics of drought resistance in winter wheat

作　　者：张鑫 王崇 李丽[1] 王超 马海洋 邢佳伊 王耀生 ZHANG Xin;WANG Chong;LI Li;WANG Chao;MA Haiyang;XING Jiayi;WANG Yaosheng(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation,Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室/农业农村部旱作节水农业重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第1期142-151,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2018YFE0107000)。

摘　　要：以‘XR4347’品种冬小麦为供试作物,在步入式气候室内开展盆栽试验,设置3种叶面喷施剂型和3个灌溉水平,剂型为市售三十烷醇微乳剂(TRIA,T1)、水滑石负载三十烷醇纳米制剂(TRIA-LDH,T2)和助剂条件对照(T3);灌溉水平分别设置为土壤田间持水量的90%(充分灌溉,W1)、60%(中度水分胁迫,W2)和40%(重度水分胁迫,W3)。结果表明:(1)在相同水分处理下,喷施TRIA和TRIA-LDH对小麦叶片光合速率有促进作用。中度水分胁迫下,喷施TRIA和TRIA-LDH的小麦地上部干质量较对照处理分别增加69.9%和32.7%,水分利用效率分别增加32.2%和16.4%;重度水分胁迫下,喷施TRIA-LDH的小麦耗水量比喷施TRIA显著降低24.0%,地上部干物质积累量增加,因此水分利用效率显著提高13.6%。(2)中度水分胁迫下喷施TRIA-LDH的小麦叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性比喷施TRIA处理显著增加2倍,重度水分胁迫下喷施TRIA-LDH的小麦叶片SOD活性比喷施TRIA处理显著增加1倍,表明喷施TRIA-LDH比喷施TRIA对抗氧化酶活性的促进效果更好。(3)重度水分胁迫下,喷施TRIA-LDH与TRIA的小麦叶片ABA含量分别比对照处理显著降低21.8%和30.9%,表明重度水分胁迫下外源施用三十烷醇可通过降低叶片ABA含量有效缓解水分胁迫对于植株生长的抑制。(4)重度水分胁迫下,喷施TRIA的小麦叶片保卫细胞Ca^(2+)大量外流,而喷施TRIA-LDH的叶片保卫细胞Ca^(2+)内流,可见植物对TRIA-LDH的吸收利用效果更好。在水分胁迫下,三十烷醇纳米制剂增强了植株的抗旱能力,提高了植株的水分利用效率。因此,水滑石纳米载体可用于负载三十烷醇,实现三十烷醇对植物高效、可持续的调控。A pot experiment in the climatic chamber was conducted with the variety‘XR4347’of winter wheat.The experiment included three spraying types with commercial triacontanol microemulsion(TRIA,T1),LDH-loaded triacontanol nano-preparation(TRIA-LDH,T2)and blank control(T3),and three water treatments with 90%(well-watered,W1),60%(moderately water-stressed,W2)and 40%(severely water-stressed,W3)of the field capacity.The reslut showed that:(1)Under the same water treatment,TRIA and TRIA-LDH treatments had a positive impact on the net photosynthetic rate of wheat.Compared with the control treatment,under the moderate water stress,TRIA and TRIA-LDH treatments increased the above-ground dry biomass of wheat by 69.9%and 32.7%,and the WUE by 32.2%and 16.4%,respectively.Particularly under severe water stress,the TRIA-LDH treatment significantly decreased water consumption by 24.0%compared with the TRIA treatment.It concurrently increased above-ground dry biomass,leading to a significant improvement in WUE by 13.6%.(2)Compared with the TRIA treatment,the activity of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)under moderate water stress in wheat leaves sprayed with TRIA-LDH significantly increased by 2 folds,and SOD under severe water stress in wheat leaves sprayed with TRIA-LDH significantly increased by 1 fold,indicating that TRIA-LDH had a higher effect on antioxidant enzyme activities than TRIA.(3)Under severe water stress,the ABA content of wheat leaves sprayed with TRIA-LDH and TRIA decreased significantly by 21.8%and 30.9%compared with the control,indicating that exogenous triacontanol(TRIA-LDH and TRIA)effectively alleviated the water stress on plant growth by reducing the ABA content of leaves under severe water stress.(4)Under severe water stress,wheat plants sprayed with TRIA presented a large Ca ^(2+)efflux in guard cells,while the Ca ^(2+)influx in guard cells of wheat plants sprayed with TRIA-LDH was observed,demonstrating that plants had better absorption and utilization of TRIA-LDH.Under water stress,TRIA-LDH enh

关 键 词：三十烷醇 水滑石纳米载体 冬小麦 水分利用效率 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S143.8