从“经济帝国”到“规则霸权”——美国崛起过程中对“外围国家”的经济关系及政策探析  

From Economic Empire to Rules-based Hegemony:An Analysis of Economic Policies towards the Periphery during the Rise of the United States

作　　者：马伟 Ma Wei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2023年第6期43-62,M0003,M0004,共22页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：对“外围国家”的经济政策是美国崛起过程中的重要助力。在对外贸易方面,通过互惠贸易协定实现了对等开放;在对外投资方面,通过投资协定来扩大和保护海外利益;在自身金融实力成长起来后,通过“金元外交”来逐步扩大金融影响力。美国从英国的经验中意识到传统帝国扩张模式的缺陷,认识到获取“殖民地”更多是一种“负担”。美国赶上了第一轮全球化的机遇,引领了第二轮电气化的工业革命,而且成为国际经济秩序新的“引领者”。这使得积极发展与“外围国家”的经济关系成为美国崛起过程中的优先战略选择。这些经济政策在第二次世界大战后推动了全球经贸新秩序。在这一过程中,美国对“外围国家”的经济政策从“经济帝国”转变为“规则霸权”。The economic policies towards the periphery experienced an important boost during the rise of the United States.In terms of foreign trade,the United States adopted reciprocal trade agreements.In terms of foreign investment,it expanded and protected overseas interests through investment agreements.After its own financial strength grew,the United States gradually expanded its financial influence through Dollar Diplomacy.The United States realized the defects of the traditional imperial expansion model from the experience of the United Kingdom,and realized that acquiring colonies was more of a burden.It also caught up with the first round of globalization and led the second industrial revolution.The United States became the new leader of the international economic order.All these factors made active economic policies towards the periphery the best strategic choice during the rise of the United States.These economic policies developed into the new global economic and trade order after World War Ⅱ.In this process,the economic policies towards the periphery changed from"Economic Empire"to"Rules-based Hegemony".

关 键 词：美国经济 对外贸易 崛起 “外围国家” 互惠贸易 “金元外交” “门户开放” 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济]