“赶超时期”的美国对英经济战略论析  

An Analysis of the U.S.Economic Strategy towards Britain in the"Catching-up Period"

作　　者：吴嵩博 Wu Songbo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2023年第6期63-82,M0004,M0005,共22页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：从美国内战结束到第二次世界大战前夕,美国迅速崛起成为世界头号强国。美国对英国的赶超发生在第二次工业革命之后的全球化浪潮下,其实质是净资源优势的赶超,其过程是渐进式的、具有全球影响力的,并且没有与英国发生直接的对抗和冲突。本文从净资源优势的视角,将美国对英国的“赶超时期”界定为1843~1941年,并在此基础上重点关注了1865~1939年的美国对英经济战略。从政策手段来看,美国对英国采取了保护主义的贸易政策、开放的投资政策,并提供了粮食援助。美国在赶超英国的过程中所采取的对英经济战略具有鲜明的美国特征,具体表现为:第一,美国对英战略的主要内容是“要素型开放”,即通过开放投资等方式吸收包括英国在内的全球生产要素,通过资本输出扩大自身的海外利益,同时通过保护主义贸易政策防止英国产品对本国的相关产业造成冲击;第二,部门利益是美国对英经济战略的驱动力;第三,公共部门与私人部门紧密合作的合作主义模式,是美国对英经济战略的实现方式。美国对英外交政策为其对英经济战略的成功创造了必要条件。From the end of the American Civil War to the eve of World War II,the United States rapidly emerged as the world's leading power.The United States'catching up with the United Kingdom occurred in the wake of globalization after the second industrial revolution.In essence it was catching up with net resource advantages.The process was gradual and had global influence,and there was no direct confrontation or conflict with the United Kingdom.From the perspective of net resource gap,in this article,we define the"catch-up period"between the United States and Britain to be 1843 to 1941.On this basis,this article focuses on the United States'economic strategy toward Britain from 1865 to 1939.The United States had adopted a protectionist trade policy,an open investment policy,and provided food aid to the United Kingdom.The economic strategy adopted by the United States in the process of catching up with the United Kingdom has distinct American characteristics.Specifically,the main content of the U.S.economic strategy toward the United Kingdom is"factor-based opening",which means absorbing global production factors,including those from the United Kingdom,through open investment and other methods.The U.S.actively expanded its overseas interests through capital exports,and at the same time used protectionist trade policies to prevent British products from affecting its domestic sectors.Sectoral interests were the driving force of the U.S.economic strategy towards the U.K.The United States adopted a corporatist model to implement the U.S.economic strategy towards the U.K,which highlighted close cooperation between the public and private sectors in dealing with economic relations with the United Kingdom.The United States'foreign policy toward Britain created the necessary conditions for the success of its economic strategy.

关 键 词：美国经济 崛起 大战略 美英关系 对英经济战略 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] F156.1