为何去台北:美国国会议员访台行为研究(2001~2022)  

Why Visit Taipei?A Study of U.S.Congressional Visits to Taiwan,China(2001-2022)

作　　者：刁大明 邹正航 Diao Daming;Zou Zhenghang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]中国人民大学国际关系学院外交学系

出　　处：《美国研究》2023年第6期100-125,M0005,M0006,共28页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：随着美国对华战略竞争的持续推进,美国国会在对华事务中的角色正在发生着关键变化。其最为重要的表现之一即国会两院议员通过访问中国台湾地区来介入对华事务。基于对2001年到2022年即第107届到117届国会期间国会两院议员访台行为相关数据的收集与分析,本文揭示出国会议员访台行为的阶段性变化,其变化态势与各届总统及其政府的对华战略及“对台政策”直接关联,不同的府会关系为议员访台行为提供了关键背景与动力,而中国台湾岛内“政党轮替”及其导致的对美政策调整也对议员访台存在一定影响。基于对第117届国会众议院相关数据的实证检验,本文进一步厘清了国会众议员访台行为的个体逻辑。本文发现,新当选者中,军事委员会、退伍军人事务委员会及外交事务委员会成员,以及所在选区亚裔比例高的国会众议员更易访问中国台湾地区;所在选区对华(内地)出口额有所增长的国会众议员更可能不参与访台行为。As the United States strengthens its strategic competition with China,the role of the U.S.Congress in China affairs is undergoing crucial transformations.One of the most significant changes is the involvement of congressional members through their visits to Taiwan.Based on the collection and analysis of relevant data on congressional visits to Taiwan in the 107th to 117th Congress(2001~2022),this paper argues that there has been a phased evolution in congressional visits to Taiwan,China.The overall trend of these visits is directly linked to the strategies towards China and the"Taiwan policy"of each administration,while the dynamics of the executivelegislative relationship provides crucial background and impetus for such visits.Additionally,the adjustments of policy towards the U.S.resulting from"party alternation"within Taiwan,China also influence congressional visits to Taiwan.Furthermore,through an empirical study of data from the 117th U.S.House of Representatives,this paper further clarifies congressional visits to Taiwan at a micro level.It reveals that newly elected members,members of the Armed Services Committee,the Veterans'Affairs Committee,and the Foreign Affairs Committee,as well as members from districts with a higher percentage of Asian Americans,are more likely to visit Taiwan.Conversely,congressional members from districts with increased exports to China's mainland are less likely to visit Taiwan,China.

关 键 词：中美关系 美国国会 议员行为 访问台湾地区 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] D675.8[政治法律—外交学]