废旧荧光粉中稀土元素回收利用技术研究现状  

A Review on Research of Rare Earth Element Recycling Technology in Waste Phosphor

作　　者：张文杰[1] 杜云鹏[1] 谢贤[1,2] 封东霞 童雄 曹阳[1] Zhang Wenjie;Du Yunpeng;Xie Xian;Feng Dongxia;Tong Xiong;Cao Yang(Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Metal Tailings Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南省金属尾矿资源化利用工程研究中心,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第10期1437-1452,共16页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1802252)资助。

摘　　要：稀土具有的独特物理化学性质使其在发光材料、催化剂、永磁体、新能源汽车、风力发电等领域被广泛应用,随着对稀土需求的日益增长,不可再生的稀土资源逐渐匮乏。然而,大量的二次资源中含有丰富的稀土资源,回收循环利用其中稀土是稀土资源可持续开发利用的保障。废旧荧光灯在日常生活中十分常见,其中荧光粉含有大量稀土,回收利用废旧荧光粉中稀土不仅能减少对环境的污染,还能显著提高稀土资源循环利用率。文章综述了废旧荧光粉中稀土回收技术现状,对比分析了磁选法、浮选法、介质分选和超临界CO_(2)萃取等物理法的应用情况,并对其存在的优势和不足进行了总结概括。同时详细阐述了酸浸、碱熔、化学沉淀、萃取等化学法在工业应用的现状和存在的问题,并且介绍了机械化学活化、微生物浸出在回收废旧荧光粉中稀土的机制和当前研究应用现状。在此基础上,展望了未来废旧荧光粉中稀土回收利用技术的发展方向,为中国早日实现二次资源中稀土的循环利用工业链提供借鉴。Common fluorescent lamps in daily life contain a large amount of rare earth elements Y,Ce,Tb,and Eu.The recycling of fluorescent powder in waste fluorescent lamps can not only reduce environmental pollution,but also effectively improve the recycling rate of rare earth resources.This review compared and analyzed the domestic and foreign literature on the recycling of rare earths in waste phosphors in recent years,then,summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment technologies and analyzed the current status and limitations of their industrial applications.At present,methods for recycling rare earth elements in waste phosphors were generally divided into physical methods and chemical methods.Among them,physical methods included magnetic separation,flotation,media separation and supercritical CO_2 extraction,etc.They mainly used the magnetic susceptibility,surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity,density,particle size and other physical properties of waste rare earth phosphors and other substances.The industrial recovery method for rare earths in waste phosphors was generally a chemical method,of which chemical methods such as acid leaching,alkali fusion,chemical precipitation,and solvent extraction were the most widely used.The acid leaching mainly used inorganic acids HCl,HNO_(3),H_(2)SO_(4) to dissolve the rare earth elements in the waste phosphor into the solution,and then extracted and recovered the rare earth ions in the solution.The alkaline fusion method mainly used alkaline additives such as NaOH and KOH to destroy the material structure of waste phosphors at higher temperatures,and more efficiently recovered rare earths in the molten state.However,since the green powder and blue powder in the rare earth phosphor had a spinel structure,it was difficult to completely recover the rare earth by a single acid immersion or alkali fusion method.In industrial applications,it was often necessary to combine acid leaching and alkali fusion processes to destroy the structure of green powder and b

关 键 词：废旧荧光粉 稀土 回收利用 酸浸 碱熔 

分 类 号：TQ028.9[化学工程]