基于局地气候分区的武汉建成空间近地面风环境异质特征分析  

Heterogeneity Analysis of Near-surface Wind Environment in Wuhan Built-up Areas Based on Local Climate Zone

作　　者：刘则尧 成雅田 昝嘉惠 刘火胜 吴昌广[1] LIU Zeyao;CHENG Yatian;ZAN Jiahui;LIU Huosheng;WU Changguang(College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Wuhan Public Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]武汉市公共气象服务中心,武汉430010

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第12期167-174,共8页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于通风效能模拟的城市绿色空间形态与布局研究——以武汉为例”(31670705);武汉市园林和林业局科技计划“武汉都市发展区蓝绿空间对局地气候环境的影响评估及规划调控策略研究”(WHGF2019A01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项“基于湖泊局地气候效应的空间形态适应性机制研究——以武汉为例”(2662022YLYJ002)。

摘　　要：为厘清不同类型建成空间风环境异质特征,本文根据局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone,LCZ)对武汉建成空间进行分类,利用城市气象站点2019年全年风速风向监测数据,探讨建成空间整体风速特征及LCZ类间风速风向特征。结果表明:1)整体上来讲,建成空间对城市背景风具有较大削减作用,不管在何种背景风速段下武汉市建成空间平均风速仅为背景风速的1/3;2)建成空间类型间风速存在差异且在不同背景风速段下保持稳定的规律,风速大小呈现大型低层(LCZ8)>零散建筑(LCZ9)>开敞低层(LCZ6)>开敞中层(LCZ5)>开敞高层(LCZ4)>紧凑中层(LCZ2)>紧凑低层(LCZ3),其中LCZ3以发生静风为主,且全年静风频率高达72%,其他LCZ静风频率在11%~40%之间,皆以发生软风为主;3)同一类型建成空间局地主导风向异质特征较为显著,易受LCZ内部建筑形态及周边建成环境的影响。研究成果为延伸LCZ理论在城市气候环境评估中的应用提供相关参考。To unveil the heterogeneity of wind environments in different types of built-up areas,this paper categorized the built-up areas of Wuhan into different types according to the Local Climate Zone(LCZ)and analyzed the overall wind speed characteristics of built-up areas as well as the wind speed and wind direction characteristics between LCZ categories using the observational data of wind speed and wind direction of urban weather stations in 2019.Results showed that:1)The built-up areas significantly reduced background winds,with the average wind speeds in built-up areas being only one-third of background wind speeds regardless of the conditions of background wind speeds.2)There were prominent differences in wind speeds among different types of built-up areas,and this pattern remained stable across different background wind speed conditions.Specifically,the wind speed differences among LCZ types followed the order of Large low-rise(LCZ8)>Sparsely built(LCZ9)>Open low-rise(LCZ6)>Open mid-rise(LCZ5)>Open high-rise(LCZ4)>Compact mid-rise(LCZ2)>Compact low-rise(LCZ3).LCZ3 experienced mainly calm winds,with a high annual frequency of 72%.The other LCZs experienced soft winds with frequencies of calm winds between 11%and 40%.3)The local dominant wind direction showed significant heterogeneity among the same type of built-up areas,which was easily influenced by building morphology surrounding built environments.

关 键 词：局地气候分区 近地面风速 城市通风 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]