乡村人力资本促进了农民共同富裕吗?  

Does Rural Human Capital Promote Farmers Common Prosperity?

作　　者：向栩 温涛[1] XIANG Xu;WEN Tao(College of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学经济管理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期102-116,共15页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究”(21ZDA062),项目负责人:温涛;国家社会科学基金重点项目“建立解决相对贫困的制度体系与长效机制研究”(20AZD080),项目负责人:温涛;国家社会科学基金青年项目“共同富裕目标下农村相对贫困的识别测度与长效治理机制研究”(22CTJ008),项目负责人:刘达。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,脱贫攻坚的完美收官和农民收入增长实现“双超”显著改善了城乡收入差距。内部差距是收入差距的重要维度,缩小农村内部收入差距与缩小城乡收入差距一样,也是实现共同富裕的应有之义。基于CRERFS 2021调研数据,通过RIF回归分析方法,从乡村人力资本视角探索农户增收缩差路径。研究发现:乡村人力资本变化既有助于“富裕”,也有助于“共享”,不仅提升了农户收入,而且对低收入农户收入的提升力度大于中、高收入农户,成为缩小农村内部收入差距的关键因素;通过分解不同收入来源发现,乡村人力资本主要通过工资性收入对农户收入产生影响,对其他渠道收入变化的影响不显著;相较于其他类型资本,人力资本的影响更具包容性,成为更能改善低收入农户状况的“穷人的资本”;劳动力流动是破解城乡二元体制限制人力资本发挥农户收入分配效应的重要条件,激励了乡村人力资本的增收效应。最后从发展乡村教育、培养高素质农民和鼓励劳动力流动方面为实现农民共同富裕提出建议。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the perfect ending of poverty alleviation and the realization of“double exceedance”of farmers income growth have significantly improved the urban-rural income gap.The internal gap is an important dimension of the income gap.Narrowing the internal income gap in rural areas,like the income gap between urban and rural areas,is also an essential part of achieving common prosperity.Based on the CRERFS2021 survey data,this paper explores the path of increasing farmers income and reducing the gap from the perspective of rural human capital through RIF regression analysis.The research finds that the change of rural human capital contributes to both“prosperity”and“sharing”.It not only improves the income of farmers,but also increases the income of low-income farmers more than that of middle-income and high-income farmers,becoming the key factor to narrow the income gap within rural areas;By decomposing different sources of income,it is found that rural human capital has an impact on the income of farmers mainly through wage income,and has no significant impact on the income change of other channels;Compared with other types of capital,the impact of human capital is more inclusive,becoming the“capital of the poor”that can better improve the situation of low-income farmers;Rural labor migration is an important condition to break the urban-rural dual system that restricts human capital to play the role of income distribution of farmers,which stimulates the income increase effect of rural human capital.Finally,some suggestions are put forward to realize common prosperity from the aspects of developing rural education,cultivating high-quality farmers and encouraging labor mobility.

关 键 词：乡村人力资本 共同富裕 内部收入差距 低收入农户 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F303.3