基于宏基因组的烟田土壤细菌群落结构和功能分析  

Metagenomic analysis of structure and function of bacterial community in tobacco field soils

作　　者：申晓晴 高华军 拓阳阳 耿召良 蔡斌 李红丽[1] 王岩[1] SHEN Xiaoqing;GAO Huajun;TUO Yangyang;GENG Zhaoliang;CAI Bin;LI Hongli;WANG Yan(School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Haikou Cigar Research Institute,Hainan Provincial Tobacco Company of CNTC,Haikou 571100,China;Dechang Branch of Liangshan Company of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Xichang 615500,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生态与环境学院,郑州市450001 [2]中国烟草总公司海南省公司海口雪茄研究所,海口市571100 [3]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司德昌分公司,四川省615500

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第1期46-57,共12页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司海南省公司“不同农艺措施对海南雪茄烟田土壤健康影响及调控技术研究”(2021460000240131);四川省烟草公司科技项目“凉山州烟田健康土壤微生物特征、绿色调控技术及其推广”(LSYC201803)。

摘　　要：为探讨健康和易感病烟田土壤微生物群落结构及其功能,以凉山彝族自治州连作10年的1块健康和2块易感病(黑胫病、青枯病和根腐病)烟田为研究对象,利用宏基因组技术分析土壤细菌群落结构。结果表明:健康和易感病烟田的土壤细菌群落结构具有明显差异。烟田土壤中相对丰度大于4%的优势菌门有放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)。健康烟田土壤中优势有益菌属链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)和分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)的相对丰度极显著高于易感病烟田。易感病烟田土壤中潜在病原菌罗思河小杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)的相对丰度极显著高于健康烟田。健康烟田土壤中蛋白酶活性显著高于易感病烟田。健康烟田土壤中碳代谢途径的关键酶基因丰度均高于易感病烟田;氮代谢途径中,健康烟田反硝化过程的酶基因丰度低于易感病烟田。因此,健康和易感病烟田土壤中细菌群落组成、酶活性及碳氮代谢过程中的关键酶基因丰度均存在不同程度的差异。To study the structure and function of soil microbial community in healthy and susceptible tobacco fields,one healthy and two susceptible(to black shank,bacterial wilt and root rot)tobacco fields with continuous cropping for 10 years in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected as research subjects,and the soil bacterial community structure was analyzed by metagenomic technology.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil bacterial community structure between the healthy and susceptible tobacco fields.The dominant phyla with relative abundance greater than 4%in tobacco field soils were Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Chloroflexi.The relative abundance of the dominant beneficial genera Streptomyces,Bradyrhizobium,and Mycobacterium was significantly higher in the healthy tobacco fields than in the susceptible tobacco fields.The relative abundance of the potential pathogen Rhodanobacter was significantly higher in the susceptible tobacco fields than in the healthy tobacco fields.Protease activity was significantly higher in the healthy tobacco fields than in the susceptible tobacco fields.The relative abundance of key enzyme genes in the carbon metabolism pathway was higher in the healthy tobacco fields than in the susceptible tobacco fields.In the nitrogen metabolism pathway,the abundance of enzyme genes during denitrification was lower in the healthy tobacco fields than in the susceptible tobacco fields.Therefore,there are differences in the bacterial community composition,enzyme activity and abundance of key enzyme genes in the process of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the healthy and susceptible tobacco fields to varying degrees.

关 键 词：宏基因组 细菌群落 代谢通路 碳氮代谢 酶活性 

分 类 号：TS414[农业科学—烟草工业]