基于信息-知识-信念-行为模式的护理干预在肿瘤放疗患者预防放射性皮炎中的应用效果研究  

Application of nursing intervention based on information-knowledge-attitude-practice model in preventing radiodermatitis in tumor radiotherapy patients

作　　者：张俊萍 董新寨[2] 李铮[3] 赵芳 Zhang Junping;Dong Xinzhai;Li Zheng;Zhao Fang(School of Nursing,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Nursing,the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Oncology,the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学护理学院,太原030001 [2]山西医科大学第二医院护理部,太原030001 [3]山西医科大学第二医院肿瘤科,太原030001

出　　处：《中国实用护理杂志》2024年第1期13-19,共7页Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing

摘　　要：目的探讨基于信息-知识-信念-行为(IKAP)模式下的护理干预对于肿瘤放疗患者预防放射性皮炎的影响。方法采用类实验研究方法,便利抽样选取2022年8—10月山西医科大学第二医院肿瘤科接受放疗的72例肿瘤患者为研究对象,运用随机数字表法分成试验组和对照组各36例。对照组采取常规皮肤护理,试验组则基于IKAP模式进行护理,并于放疗前1 d和结束时评估2组患者的自我管理效能感、放射性皮炎、自我感受负担以及皮肤病生命质量指数情况。结果每组各有35例患者完成研究。对照组男11例,女24例,年龄(58.09±7.33)岁;试验组男13例,女22例,年龄(58.06±7.28)岁。干预前2组患者的自我管理效能感、自我感受负担、皮肤病生命质量指数评分比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),干预后试验组患者的自我管理效能感、自我感受负担、皮肤病生命质量指数得分分别为(106.89±3.78)、(18.69±2.21)、(8.09±1.27)分,对照组分别为(80.69±5.76)、(29.97±2.48)、(15.91±2.37)分,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.50、1.12、7.24,均P<0.01)。试验组放射性皮炎2级以上发生率低于对照组,分别为31.4%(12/35)、60.0%(21/35),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.64,P<0.01)。结论基于IKAP模式的护理干预可以提高肿瘤放疗患者的自我管理效能感,降低其自我感受负担,降低放射性皮炎的发生率,进一步改善患者的生命质量。Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on information-knowledge-attitude-practice model(IKAP)in preventing radiodermatitis in tumor radiotherapy patients.Methods This was a quasi-experimental study.A total of 72 patients who received radiotherapy in the Department of Oncology,the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from August to October 2022 were selected and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 36 patients in each group by randomized digits table method.The control group received routine nursing,while the experimental group received nursing based on the IKAP.The self-management efficacy,radiodermatitis,self-perceived burden and quality of life of patients in the two groups were evaluated one day before and at the end of radiotherapy.Results Thirty-five patients from each group completed the study.There were 11 males and 24 females in the control group,aged(58.09±7.33)years old.There were 13 males and 22 females in the experimental group,aged(58.06±7.28)years old.There was no statistically significant difference in self-management efficacy,self-perceived burden,and quality of life scores between the two groups of patients before intervention(all P>0.05).After intervention,the self-management efficacy,self-perceived burden,and quality of life scores of the experimental group were(106.89±3.78),(18.69±2.21),and(8.09±1.27)points,respectively,the control group was(80.69±5.76),(29.97±2.48),and(15.91±2.37)points,respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=2.50,1.12,7.24,all P<0.01).The incidence of radiodermatitis above grade 2 in the experimental group was 31.4%(12/35),which was lower than 60.0%(21/35)in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.64,P<0.01).Conclusions Nursing intervention based on IKAP can improve the self-management efficacy,reduce the self-perceived burden and the incidence of radiodermatitis,and further improve the quality of life of tumor radiotherapy patients.

关 键 词：护理 放射性皮炎 自我管理 信息-知识-信念-行为模式 放疗 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]