美国大学参与国家实验室管理的动因、途径与趋势  

Causes,Approaches and Trends of American Universities Participating in National Laboratory Management

作　　者：张冬梅 Zhang Dongmei

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院/教师发展中心

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2024年第1期196-200,共5页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学重大招标课题“高校战略科技力量建设研究”(VIA220004)。

摘　　要：美国大学参与国家实验室管理的积极行为,主要由依托大学力量建设国家实验室的国家战略、大学对国家实验室资源和平台的需要、国家实验室与大学具有一致知识创新使命等内外动因促成。成为承包商是美国大学参与国家实验室管理的主要途径,存在大学独立运营国家实验室和大学参与成立有限责任公司共同管理国家实验室两种模式。21世纪以来,美国大学参与管理国家实验室呈现出管理资格从固定承包转向动态竞标、参与方式从独立管理逐渐转向大学成立公司合作管理、内部管理结构从单一主体走向多元主体、运营模式从大学管理转向公司治理等趋势。其优势是企业管理经验丰富有助于提高实验室运营效益;合作运营避免单一管理者过度吸纳实验室资源;扩大企业参与有助于技术转让;有限责任公司有助于提高管理灵活性等。The active behavior of American universities to participate in the management of national laboratories is mainly caused by the federal strategic requirements of building national laboratories by relying on the strength of universities,the needs of universities for national laboratory resources and platforms,and the consistent mission of knowledge innovation between national laboratories and universities.Becoming a contractor is the main way for American universities to participate in the management of national laboratories,which mainly includes two management modes:independent operation of national laboratories by universities and joint management of national laboratories by universities participating in the establishment of limited liability companies.Since the 21st century,the management qualification of national laboratories in American universities has gradually changed from fixed contracting to dynamic bidding,the participation mode has gradually changed from independent management to cooperative management of university-established companies,the internal management structure has changed from single subject to multiple subjects,and the operation mode has changed from university management to corporate governance.Advantages including enterprise management experience to improve the efficiency of laboratory operation,Cooperative operation to avoid excessive absorption of laboratory resources by a single manager,Increased enterprise participation facilitates technology transfer,the form of limited liability company helps to improve the flexibility of management.

关 键 词：国家实验室 美国大学 参与管理 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]