胚胎植入前基因诊断技术的伦理风险与法律规制  

Ethical risks and legal regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis

作　　者：尹婷 Yin Ting(Law School,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国卫生法制》2024年第1期50-58,共9页China Health Law

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助“预防性行政公益诉讼研究”(2021RCW111);北京社科重大项目“贯彻习近平法治思想推进综合交通治理体系治理能力现代化问题研究”(22LLFXA026)。

摘　　要：胚胎植入前基因诊断技术(Preimplantation Genetic Diagnose, PGD)作为辅助生殖技术的衍生技术得到广泛应用,在促进人类福利的同时也带来了利益冲突、不确定性和伦理风险。根据不同的目的,目前PGD技术的应用主要有四种形式,不同形式的应用所涉利益和风险有所差别。各国对PGD技术的规制在立法上大体呈现放任、规制与禁止三种立场,彰显了这一问题的复杂性。相关规制政策应全面考虑PGD技术对自然秩序、人性尊严与社会正义带来的风险,平衡父母的生育权利与子女的最佳利益以确定适当的应用范围。目前,我国对PGD技术的规制较为粗放,推动规制的法治化转型应通过辅助生殖立法明确PGD技术的合法性以及应用原则、范围及程序,明确监管机关职责,实行个案审批制度。Preimplantation genetic diagnosis technology is widely used as a derivative of assisted reproductive technology,which not only promotes human welfare,but also brings conflicts of interest,uncertainty and ethical risks.According to different purposes,there are currently four main forms of PGD technology application,and the benefits and risks involved in different forms of application are different.The regulation of PGD in various countries generally presents three positions in legislation:laissez-faire,regulation and prohibition,highlighting the complexity and social nature of this issue.Regulatory policies should comprehensively consider the risks posed by PGD to the natural order,human dignity and social justice,and balance the reproductive rights of parents with the best interests of their children to determine the appropriate scope of application.At present,China's regulation of PGD is relative-ly lenient,and to promote the legal transformation of regulation,the legality and application principles,scope and procedures of PGD technology should be clarified through assisted reproduction legislation,the responsibilities of regulatory authorities should be clarified,and a case approval system should be implemented.

关 键 词：胚胎植入前基因诊断技术 辅助生殖技术 基因 法律规制 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]