论大流行病条约谈判中的主要法律问题及其应对  

On Major Legal Issues in the Negotiation of the Pandemic Treaty and the Countermeasures

作　　者：马忠法[1] 徐子淳 Ma Zhongfa;Xu Zichun(Law School of Fudan University,ShangHai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国卫生法制》2024年第1期75-83,96,共10页China Health Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建人类命运共同体国际法治创新研究”(18ZDA153);国家社会科学基金重点项目“人类命运共同体’国际法理论与实践研究”(18AFX025)。

摘　　要：新冠疫情大流行病引发了全球卫生治理赤字的反思,通过国际法加强各国合作迫在眉睫。虽然目前已经有PHEIC制度应对大流行病等突发性公共卫生事件,但制度不足以应对全球性大流行,WHO及其成员国希望重新缔结一项大流行病条约。目前该条约正在谈判过程中,谈判组面临着大流行病条约与《国际卫生条例》关系的处理、缔约模式的确定、大流行病界定权的归属及争端解决机制构建等法律问题。为解决以上问题,应该区分大流行病条约和《国际卫生条例》的职能,采用软硬兼备的缔约模式,建立公开透明的大流行病确定机制,改革WHO的机构职能,建立有效的争端解决机制。The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered reflection on the global health governance deficit,and it is ur-gent to strengthen cooperation among countries through international law.While there is currently a PHEIC system in place to respond to public health emergencies such as pandemics,the system is not sufficient to respond to a glob-al pandemic.WHO and its member countries hope to re-conclude a pandemic treaty.At present,the treaty is in the process of negotiation,and the negotiating group is faced with such legal issues as the handling of the relationship between the pandemic treaty and the International Health Regulations,the determination of the contracting mode,the attribution of the right to define the pandemic,and the construction of the dispute settlement mechanism.In or-der to solve these above problems,we should distinguish between the functions of the pandemic treaty and the Inter-national Health Regulations,adopt a contracting model that combines hard and soft,establish an open and transpar-ent pandemic determination mechanism,and reform the institutional functions of WHO to establish an effective dis-pute settlement mechanism.

关 键 词：国际卫生法律制度 大流行病条约 新冠疫情 人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]