二次发酵过程外源添加漆酶强化堆肥腐殖化作用的研究  

Composting Humification Enhanced by Exogenous Addition of Laccase During the Secondary Fermentation of Composts

作　　者：赵兵 徐智[1] 李兰 马丽婷 邓亚琴 王宇蕴[1] ZHAO Bing;XU Zhi;LI Lan;MA Li-ting;DENG Ya-qin;WANG Yu-yun(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第6期1372-1383,共12页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AE090025,202102AE090030);国家自然科学基金项目(32160744);C云南省高层次人才培养支持计划青年拔尖人才专项项目(A3012020057)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在验证漆酶在木质纤维素类废弃物好氧堆肥体系中强化堆肥腐殖化进程的作用,探究生产高品质有机肥的可能。【方法】以玉米秸秆为主要原料,在堆肥二次发酵阶段设置T1(不添加漆酶)和T2(添加漆酶)2个处理,通过分析堆肥过程中木质纤维素含量、降解酶活性及前体物质浓度评估堆肥腐殖化过程。【结果】T1和T2处理在堆肥结束时(第42 d)均能够满足发酵腐熟标准(GI≥80%),但添加漆酶处理(T2)堆肥的种子发芽指数(GI值)、关键降解酶活性(木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶)、木质纤维素降解速率和腐殖化程度均显著提高。堆肥结束时,与未添加漆酶处理(T1)相比,T2处理堆肥的纤维素和木质素含量显著降低、降幅分别达20.00%和22.22%,GI值和胡敏酸含量显著增加、增幅分别达9.17%和52.15%(P<0.01)。冗余分析表明,添加漆酶能够显著促进酚类物质聚合而使胡敏酸含量提高。【结论】堆肥中的漆酶活性提高能够使木质纤维素的降解速度持续增加,促进腐殖质前体物质聚合形成胡敏酸,从而加快木质素类废弃物堆肥腐殖化进程,并提高堆肥品质。[Objective]This aims of this study were to verify the role of laccase in enhancing the humification process of composts in the lignocellulosic waste composting system,and to explore the possibility of producing high-quality organic fertilizer.[Method]Corn stalks were used as the main raw material and rapeseed residue was used as auxiliary materials,the corn stalks and rapeseed residue were fully mixed at a ratio of 2.85:1 to obtain an organic mixture with a carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N)of 30,and the moisture content of the mixture was adjusted to 50%for primary fermentation.When the composting temperature was reduced to about 40℃(at the 18th day),the secondary fermentation was carried out,and then the wo treatments of T1(without adding laccase)and T2(adding laccase)were set.The humification process was evaluated by analysis of the contents of cellulose and lignin,the activities of key degrading enzymes,and the concentration of precursors during composting process.[Result]The results showed that the two groups of treatments without adding laccase(T1)and adding laccase(T2)could meet the fermentation maturity standard(GI≥80%)at the end of composting.The GI value in the T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in the T1 treatment(P<0.01).In addition,the activities of key degrading enzymes,the degradation efficiency of cellulose and lignin,and the degree of humification were significantly enhanced after adding laccase(T2)(P<0.05).At the end of composting,the contents of cellulose and lignin in T2 treatment were significantly decreased by 20% and 22.2%(P<0.05),and the organic material degradation rate and humic acid content increased by 19.05% and 52.15%(P<0.05),respectively.In terms of precursor substances of humic acid,the exogenous addition of laccase significantly increased the contents of amino acids,reducing sugars and polyphenols in the early stage of secondary fermentation for composting(43.07 mg kg^(-1),10.97 mg kg^(-1) and 14.81 mg kg^(-1) on the 21st day,respectively).In terms of key degrading enz

关 键 词：堆肥二次发酵 玉米秸秆 漆酶 腐殖化进程 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]