露天矿排土场植物恢复对土壤氮循环功能基因的影响  

Effects of Plant Restoration on the Functional Genes of Soil Nitrogen Cycle in Open-pit Mine Dump

作　　者：程彦郡 朱燕峰 马静 尤云楠 董文雪 陈浮[1,2] CHENG Yan-jun;ZHU Yan-feng;MA Jing;YOU Yun-nan;DONG Wen-xue;CHEN Fu(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211110,China;School of Chemical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [2]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210098 [3]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第6期1409-1417,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41907405,51974313);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20180641)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】植被恢复对改善矿区生态环境至关重要,可促进重构土壤发育,从而调控生物地球化学循环和发挥生态系统功能。本研究为明确露天矿区植物恢复对土壤氮循环微生物类群及功能基因丰度的影响。【方法】采集内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天矿东排土场苜蓿(GL)、沙棘(BL)、油松(CF)和刺槐(BF)复垦区及对照(CK)共25个表土样品,利用高通量qPCR芯片技术测定土壤氮循环功能基因丰度。【结果】(1)不同植被对土壤理化性质、酶活性及氮循环功能基因丰度影响有显著差异(P<0.05)。BL对土壤有机碳、有效磷累积优于其他植被,BF对土壤铵态氮累积有优势,但土壤全氮和有机碳低于CK。复绿显著地提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性,并降低了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。但复绿对土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响完全一致:BF>CF>BL>GL>CK。(2)土壤氮循环功能基因丰度与土壤pH呈显著性正相关(P<0.01),与土壤硝态氮、总氮、脲酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈显著性负相关(P<0.05)。(3)不同植被直接影响土壤过氧化氢酶或硝化功能基因丰度从而操控土壤氮循环功能基因丰度,或通过反硝化功能基因丰度影响土壤过氧化氢酶再间接影响氮循环过程。【结论】露天矿植物恢复影响土壤酶活性和氮循环功能基因丰度而影响土壤氮循环过程,灌丛(沙棘)对该地区土壤质量的改善有着更好的效果。[Objective]Vegetation restoration is crucial to improve the ecological environment of mining areas,which can promote the reconstruction of soil development,thereby regulating biogeochemical cycles and exerting ecosystem functions.However,previous studies mainly focused on the nitrogen cycle and driving mechanism of grassland,wetland,farmland and other ecosystems,and lack of in-depth research on how plant restoration in mining areas affects nitrogen cycle microbial taxa and functional gene abundance.[Method]A total of 25 topsoil samples were collected in the east reclamation areas including Medicago sativa(GL),Hippophae rhamnoides(BL),Pinus tabulaeformis(CF),Robini pseucdoacacia(BF)reclamation lands,and control(CK)area of Heidaigou open-pit mine,Junger Banner,Inner Mongolia.SmartChip Real-Time PCR System was used to determine the abundance of nitrogen cycle functional genes.[Result]①The effects of different vegetation on soil physical and chemical properties,enzyme activities and gene abundance of nitrogen cycle function were significantly different(P<0.05).BL is superior to other vegetation in the accumulation of organic carbon and available phosphorus,and BF is superior to ammonium nitrogen,but total nitrogen and organic carbon are lower than CK.Greening significantly increased catalase activity and decreased β-Glucosidase,urease and leucine aminopeptidase activities.However,the effect of reforestation on gene abundance of nitrogen cycle function was consistent:BF>CF>BL>GL>CK.②The gene abundance of nitrogen cycle function was positively correlated with pH(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen,urease,leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase(P<0.05).③Different vegetation could directly affect the abundance of soil catalase or nitrification functional genes,thereby manipulating the abundance of soil nitrogen cycle functional genes,or affecting soil catalase through the abundance of denitrification functional genes,which might indirectly affect the nitrogen cycle proces

关 键 词：植被恢复 氮循环 功能基因 露采矿山 黄土高原 

分 类 号：Q938.11[生物学—微生物学]