不同淋洗水—改良材料对银北灌区碱化盐土盐分离子的影响  

Effects of Combined Addition of Different Leaching Water and Soil Amendments on Salt Ions Distribution of Alkalized Solonchak in Yinbei Irrigation District

作　　者：樊丽琴[1] 王旭 李磊 沈婧丽 FAN Li-qin;WANG Xu;LI Lei;SHEN Jing-li(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第6期1439-1446,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“农田退水灌溉和玉米种植方式对宁夏盐碱土水盐运移的影响”(31960274);宁夏自然科学基金项目“微咸水—改良材料协同调控下碱化土壤水分入渗和盐碱特性研究”(2021AAC03268);宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-11-03)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同水源淋洗下施用不同土壤改良材料对碱化盐土盐分离子分布的影响,为银北灌区淡水资源紧缺背景下碱化土壤水盐协同调控技术提供科学依据。【方法】通过一维垂直土柱入渗试验,研究黄河水和农田退水淋洗下施用磷石膏、磷石膏+腐殖酸、磷石膏+糠醛渣、磷石膏+硫酸铝、磷石膏+糠醛渣+硫酸铝等不同改良材料对碱化盐土主要盐分离子分布的影响。【结果】与黄河水淋洗相比,农田退水淋洗促进了Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)等有害盐分离子向40 cm以下深层土壤运移,但增加了0~40 cm土层CO_(3)^(2-)和HCO_(3)^(-)有害盐分离子含量。在0~40 cm土层,施用改良材料结合黄河水淋洗下,“磷石膏+硫酸铝”处理在降低Na+含量方面表现最优,“磷石膏”处理在增加Ca^(2+)含量、降低HCO_(3)^(-)含量方面表现最优,“磷石膏+糠醛渣+硫酸铝”处理在降低Cl^(-)含量方面表现最优;施用改良材料结合农田退水淋洗下,“磷石膏+糠醛渣”处理在降低Na^(+)和HCO_(3)^(-)含量、增加Ca^(2+)含量、控制SO_(4)^(2-)含量增加方面表现最优。【结论】对银北灌区碱化盐土,黄河水淋洗下,建议采用“磷石膏+硫酸铝”进行土壤改良,农田退水淋洗下,采用“磷石膏+糠醛渣”进行土壤改良。[Objective]This paper aimed to explore the effects of different soil amendments on salt ions distribution of alkalized solonchak under different water sources leaching,and to provide scientific basis for the coordinated regulation of water and salt in alkaline soil under shortage background of fresh water resources in Yinbei Irrigation area.[Method]The effects of combined additions of different leaching water and soil amendments on main salt ions distribution of alkalized solonchak were discussed through the infiltration experiment of one-dimensional vertical soil column,which consisted of two main treatments of Yellow River water and farmland drainage water,and six subtreatments of control(no amendments),phosphogypsum,phosphogypsum+humic acid,phosphogypsum+furfural residue,phosphogypsum+aluminum sulfate,phosphogypsum+furfural residue&aluminum sulfate.[Result]Compared to those in Yellow River water leaching,soil Na^(+),Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)in farmland drainage water leaching could be leached to 40 cm depth below the soil surface,but the contents of CO_(3)^(2-)and HCO_(3)^(-)in 0~40 cm soil layer were increased.In 0~40 cm soil layer,under the combined addition of Yellow River water and soil amendments,the treatment of"phosphogypsum+aluminum sulfate"had the best performance in decreasing Na^(+)content,and the treatment of"phosphogypsum"had the best performance in increasing Ca^(2+)content and decreasing HCO_(3)^(-)content.While the treatment of"phosphogypsum+furfural residue&aluminum sulfate"had the best performance in decreasing Cl-content.Under the combined addition of farmland drainage water and soil amendments,the treatment of"aluminum sulfate+furfural residue"had the best performance in decreasing the contents of Na^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-),increasing Ca^(2+)content,and controlling SO_(4)^(2-)content.[Conclusion]For alkalized solonchak of Yinbei Irrigation District,it is recommended to use"phosphogypsum+aluminum sulfate"as soil amendment under Yellow River water leaching,and use"phosphogypsum+furfural residue"as soi

关 键 词：碱化盐土 黄河水淋洗 农田退水淋洗 改良材料 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]