理解主动无知  

Understanding Active Ignorance

作　　者：王聚[1] Wang Ju

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200234

出　　处：《中国社会科学评价》2023年第4期79-86,157,共9页China Social Science Review

摘　　要：无知是知识的缺乏。然而除了被动无知,还有主动无知。在主动无知中,认知者权衡不同的价值与目标,通过行动主动塑造或维持无知。通过认知主体展现能动性,主动无知获得了规范性属性。无知学对于主动无知做出了系统的研究,并识别出三类典型的主动无知:主动构建的无知、被动构建的无知和善的无知。故意无知是消极的无知。认知主体拥有获知的义务和能力,但却有很强的意愿避免获得知识。故意无知背后往往展现出认知主体在道德或认知层面的恶习,因而会招致责备和批评。Ignorance means an absence of knowledge.However,apart from passive ignorance,there is also active ignorance in which an actor weighs different values and goals to proactively shape or maintain ignorance through actions.Cognitive subjects display epistemic agency so that active ignorance gains normative attributes.Agnotology has witnessed systematic research on active ignorance and identified three typical types:actively constructed ignorance,passively constructed ignorance and virtuous ignorance.Wilful ignorance is negative ignorance.Cognitive subjects have the obligation and ability to acquire knowledge,but they have an intense willingness to avoid acquiring it.Wilful ignorance often reveals cognitive subjects'moral or cognitive vices which may incite blame and criticism.

关 键 词：主动无知 理智恶习 无知学 故意无知 

分 类 号：B017[哲学宗教—哲学理论]