台风“美莎克”对黑龙江的影响及其非对称结构特征  

Influence of Typhoon Maysak on Heilongjiang Province and Its Asymmetric Structure Characteristics

作　　者：曲哲 孙鹏飞 张礼宝[3] 王爱香 袁园 石磊 杨晓宇 QU Zhe;SUN Pengfei;ZHANG Libao;WANG Aixiang;YUAN Yuan;SHI Lei;YANG Xiaoyu(Yichun Meteorological Bureau,Yichun 153000,China;College of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China;Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory,Harbin 150030,China;Heihe Meteorological Bureau,Heihe 164300,China)

机构地区：[1]伊春市气象局,黑龙江伊春153000 [2]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川成都610225 [3]黑龙江省气象台,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [4]黑河市气象局,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第1期112-118,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：黑龙江省2022年度省重点研发计划项目(定向委托、创新基地)(GA22C003);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1507301);2021年度中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z034)。

摘　　要：使用常规观测资料及ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料,对2009号台风“美莎克”进行分析。结果表明:此次过程,副热带高压异常强大,位置偏北,并与北侧阻高合并形成高压坝阻挡;“美莎克”沿副高外围北上与中纬度低涡及冷空气相互作用,变性后斜压性明显加大,低涡增强;“美莎克”携带大量水汽,同时中低空急流将海上水汽持续向黑龙江输送,并在黑龙江强烈辐合,形成强的水汽辐合区和水汽辐合带;高低空急流耦合构成强的垂直环流,对应非常强的垂直上升速度;副热带高压向西北伸展,高空引导气流和热成风方向转为西北-东南向,促使“美莎克”登陆后向西北移动,穿过黑龙江,是黑龙江出现大暴雨的主要原因。分析台风中心涡度、散度、垂直速度、位温、湿位涡等物理量的三维结构变化,认识台风在北上登陆中的变性过程以及降水出现非对称结构的原因。Using conventional observation data and ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)reanalyzed data to analyze typhoon Maysak,the results indicated that the subtropical anticyclone was abnormally powerful.It combined with a blocking high on the north side to create a high-pressure barrier.As it moved northward,the typhoon Maysak interacted with the subtropical anticyclone,causing an increase in baroclinic properties and vortex enhancement due to its interaction with cold air in the middle latitudes.The Maysak brought a significant amount of water vapor to Heilongjiang,where it converged with the middle and low-level jet stream to form a strong water vapor convergence area and belt.The high and low-level jet flow combine to create a strong vertical circulation,resulting in a very high vertical ascending velocity.The subtropical anticyclone extended to the northwest,and the direction of the steering flow and thermal wind turned to the northwest-southeast direction,prompting the Maysak to move to the northwest and pass through Heilongjiang after landing,which was the main reason for the heavy rain in Heilongjiang province.By analyzing the three-dimensional structural changes of the physical quantities such as the vorticity,divergence,vertical velocity,potential temperature,and wet potential vorticity of the typhoon center,we can understand the variability process of the typhoon during its northward landing and the cause of the asymmetric structure of precipitation.

关 键 词：美莎克 台风 暴雨 副热带高压 中纬度低涡 非对称性结构 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]