平台梯度计酬制度与外卖骑手的过度劳动行为——基于剥削感知中介效应的检验  

Platform Gradient Pay System and Excessive labor Behavior of Take-out Riders:A Test Based on the Perceived Mediating Effect of Exploitation

作　　者：周蕾[1] 宫月 ZHOU Lei;GONG Yue(School of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《山东工会论坛》2024年第1期11-20,共10页Shandong Trade Unions＇ Tribune

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练项目“激励亦或剥削——平台计酬制度对南京市外卖骑手劳动行为的影响研究”(项目编号:202210307076Z);南京市鼓楼区政策理论研究委托课题“鼓楼区新就业形态劳动关系与就业保障研究”(项目编号:2022GLRLZYSHBZ001)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：平台经济的迅猛发展催生了外卖骑手这一新就业形态从业群体,但外卖平台通过计酬体系和奖惩制度影响外卖骑手决策,甚至引发过度劳动问题。文章基于南京市1186名外卖骑手的相关数据,研究平台梯度计酬制度对骑手过度劳动行为的影响,并探讨骑手剥削感知在其中的中介作用。实证分析发现:梯度奖励幅度一方面直接正向影响骑手的过度劳动程度,另一方面通过降低剥削感知这一中介变量而间接影响过度劳动程度,即梯度奖励幅度越高,骑手剥削感知越弱,骑手的过度劳动状况越明显。因此,应建立外卖行业劳动定额并加强平台劳动监管,以保障骑手劳动权益、规范平台经济环境与促进新业态经济健康发展。The rapid development of the platform economy has given birth to a new form of employment,namely the take-out riders,who are influenced by the platforms remuneration system and reward-punishment mechanism,leading to issues of overwork.Based on the data of 1186 food delivery riders in Nanjing,the article investigates the influence mechanism of the platforms graded reward system on the overwork behavior of take-out riders and explores the mediating role of ridersperception of exploitation.The empirical analysis reveals that the magnitude of graded rewards directly and positively affects the level of overwork among delivery riders.Moreover,it indirectly influences overwork through its negative impact on perceived exploitation,indicating that higher graded rewards lead to weaker perceived exploitation and more marked overwork among the riders.It is recommended to establish labor quotas for the food delivery industry and strengthen labor supervision by platforms to safeguard the labor rights of take-out riders,regulate the platform economy environment,and promote the healthy development of emerging economic forms.

关 键 词：过度劳动 梯度计酬制度 外卖骑手 剥削感知 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济]