室温钠硫电池硫正极催化剂的研究进展  

Recent advances in cathode catalysts for room-temperature Na-S batteries

作　　者：黄祥龙 李怡[1] 徐茂文[1] HUANG Xianglong;LI Yi;XU Maowen(School of Materials and Energy,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学材料与能源学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2024年第1期231-239,共9页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22179109)。

摘　　要：室温钠硫电池因其正负极材料丰富的自然资源、低廉的成本和优异的能量密度被视为极具竞争力的电化学储能系统。然而,严重的穿梭效应和缓慢的反应动力学是制约室温钠硫电池可持续发展和实际应用的两大障碍。在硫正极中引入适当的催化剂被广泛证明是一种可以抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应并促进其氧化还原动力学的有效策略,并在近年来成为了该领域的研究焦点。本文从材料设计和优化的角度入手,首先总结了在室温钠硫电池硫正极中被报道的金属、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属氮化物、金属碳化物、MXenes、金属单原子及其他在内的各种主流催化剂,并讨论了调节催化剂的吸附和催化性质的各种有效调节策略,包括尺寸缩减、缺陷工程、电化学钠化及异质结工程等。最后,针对室温钠硫电池正极用催化剂的研究现状指出了其未来的发展趋势,并基于室温钠硫电池面临的重大挑战,从基础理论研究和实用化设计两个层面展望了其未来的发展方向。Room-temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)battery is regarded as a highly competitive electrochemical energy storage system because of the abundant natural resources,low cost,and excellent energy density.However,the serious shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics are two major obstacles restricting the sustainable development and practical applications of RT Na-S batteries.Incorporating suitable catalysts into sulfur cathodes is widely proved as an effective strategy to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides and promote their redox kinetics,thus becoming the research focus in this field.In this review,mainstream catalysts for sulfur cathodes in RT Na-S batteries are first summarized from the perspective of materials design and optimization,including metals,metal oxides,metal sulfides,metal nitrides,metal carbides,MXenes,single atoms,and others.Then,various effective strategies to regulate adsorption and catalysis properties are discussed,involving size tailoring,defect engineering,electrochemical sodiation,and heterostructure engineering.Finally,the future development tendency of catalysts is pointed out based on their research status,and prospects regarding future developmental directions of RT Na-S batteries are offered in view of the major challenges facing RT Na-S batteries,involving two aspects of fundamental research and practical design.

关 键 词：室温钠硫电池 穿梭效应 催化剂 动力学 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]