麋鹿被毛微量元素、重金属含量及对环境污染的监测作用  

Quantifying Concentration of Trace Elements,Heavy Metals in Hair of Père David's Deer and Its Application in Environmental Monitoring

作　　者：程志斌[1] 白加德[1] 钟震宇[1] 张宇晨[1] 张树苗[1] 张庆勋 单云芳[1] 郭青云[1] 张盼 CHENG Zhibin;BAI Jiade;ZHONG Zhenyu;ZHANG Yuchen;ZHANG Shumiao;ZHANG Qingxun;SHAN Yunfang;GUO Qingyun;ZHANG Pan(Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center,Beijing,100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第1期35-42,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：北京市财政项目(11000022T000000440772,23CB064);北京麋鹿生态实验中心春华项目(2022003)。

摘　　要：哺乳动物被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量能够反映其生活状态和栖息地状况,是环境监测中重要的生物化学指示物。对北京南海子和浙江临安两地麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)种群被毛中的10种重金属和34种微量元素进行测定,以期探讨麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属含量在栖息环境监测中的可行性。结果表明:除Re元素外,其余43种元素在麋鹿被毛中均被检出,统计分析表明Li、Be、Sc、V、Co、Ga、Rb、Ir、Mo、Cd、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Tl、Bi、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf 34种元素为麋鹿被毛的特征元素;与北京南海子麋鹿种群相比,浙江临安麋鹿种群被毛中的微量元素Sr、In、Sb、W、Bi、U和重金属元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd含量更少,其余32种元素含量均高于北京南海子麋鹿种群;独立样本t检验分析表明,麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量存在地域差异性,仅Cr(p=0.064)、Ni(p=0.769)、Mo(p=0.129)、Tl(p=0.065)、Zr(p=0.138)和Hf(p=0.057)6种元素差异不显著,其余37种元素差异均显著;北京南海子和浙江临安麋鹿种群的栖息环境和食物均未受到Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、V、Co、Ni、Sb和Tl 10种重金属元素污染的威胁。研究表明,麋鹿被毛可作为栖息环境重金属污染的非损伤监测指示材料。Life conditions and habitat status of mammals could be reflected by trace elements and heavy metals in animal hair which is also a key biological-chemical indicator.To explore the feasibility of monitoring the habitat environment through the content of trace elements and heavy metals in hair of Père David's deer(Elaphurus davidianus),we studied 34 trace elements and 10 heavy metals in hair of Père David's deer from Beijing Milu Park(BMP) and Lin'an City of Zhejiang Province(LAZJ).The results showed that except Re,the other 43 elements were detected in the hair of Père David's deer.34elements were the characteristic elements such as Li,Be,Sc,V,Co,Ga,Rb,Ir,Mo,Cd,Cs,Ba,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Tl,Bi,Th,U,Nb,Ta,Zr and Hf.Concentration of six trace elements including Sr,In,Sb,W,Bi,U and five heavy metals including Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb,Cd in hair of LAZJ were lower than those in BMP,concentration of the other 32 trace elements in LAZJ were higher than those in BMP.Independent sample t-test showed that among the 43 elements,only six elements including Cr(p=0.064),Ni(p=0.769),Mo(p=0.129),Tl(p=0.065),Zr(p=0.138) and Hf(p=0.057) did not differ significantly between BMP and LAZJ,thereby regional difference existed in hair of Père David's deer.Habitats and food resources of Père David's deer in BMP and LAZJ were not affected by Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb,Cd,V,Co,Ni,Sb and Tl heavy metals pollution.It is concluded that the content of trace elements and heavy metals in hair of Père David's deer can serve as non-invasive indicator materials for heavy metal pollution in their habitat.

关 键 词：麋鹿 被毛 微量元素 重金属 生物监测 

分 类 号：Q956[生物学—动物学]