天然次生林中小斑啄木鸟的取食偏好  

Foraging Preferences of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker in Natural Secondary Forest

作　　者：荆媛 魏爽 史文辉 马梓贺 王德宇 戎可[1,2] JING Yuan;WEI Shuang;SHI Wenhui;MA Zihe;WANG Deyu;RONG Ke(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]国家林业和草原局野生动物保护生物学重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第1期84-94,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31970385)。

摘　　要：2022年3—6月,于黑龙江帽儿山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开展小斑啄木鸟(Dryobates minor)取食偏好的调查。采用样方结合样线与无线电追踪技术追踪小斑啄木鸟,采用基于“利用-可利用型”方法的Bailey’s方法分析小斑啄木鸟取食树木与取食生境的偏好,采用主成分分析归纳影响选择取食地的主要因子,利用Fisher’s精确检验、非参数检验和相关性检验探究性别在取食行为中及主要因子间的差异。结果显示:小斑啄木鸟偏好在活立木上,用轻啄的方式,在冠层处、侧枝上短时取食;株密度、取食树高度、坡度、优势种、最近人为干扰距离与样方内树的均高是影响小斑啄木鸟选择取食树木与取食生境的主要因子;小斑啄木鸟偏好在株密度适中、取食树的高度约15 m、平坡处、以春榆(Ulmus davidiana var.japonica)或胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)为优势种、靠近人为干扰和样方内树均高约13 m的生境内取食;与雌性相比,雄性还偏好在株密度较低、株高在3~5 m的树木上取食。The foraging preferences of lesser spotted woodpeckers(Dryobates minor) was investigated in the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Maoershan Forest Ecosystem in Heilongjiang Province during March to June 2022.We tracked lesser spotted woodpecker by using quadrat combined with transect method and radio tracking technology.Foraging tree characteristics and foraging habitat preferences of lesser spotted woodpeckers were analyzed by Bailey's method based on utilization-availability method.The main factors influencing their choices of foraging tree and foraging habitat were analyzed by principal component analysis.The differences of sexes in foraging behavior and main influential factors of foraging selection were explored by Fisher's exact test,Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis.The results are as follows.Lesser spotted woodpeckers preferred pecking on branches of the upper canopy of standing trees for a short time.The wood density,height of foraging trees,slope degree,dominant species,nearest distance of human disturbance,and the mean tree height in quadrat are the main factors affecting the selection of foraging trees and foraging habitats for lesser spotted woodpeckers.Both males and females preferred to forage on habitats with moderate density and trees of about 15 m height.They selected flat slope area as preferred foraging habitat.They preferred to foraging in the forest with Ulmus davidiana var.japonica or Juglans mandshurica as the dominant species,average tree height of 13 m,and near human disturbance.Compared with females,males also preferred to forage on habitats with low density and trees of 3-5 m height.

关 键 词：小斑啄木鸟 取食偏好 取食行为 取食树木 取食生境 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]