辉河保护区白枕鹤繁殖期栖息地适宜性评价  

Habitat Suitability Evaluation of White-naped Crane During Breeding Period at Huihe National Nature Reserve

作　　者：马悦 张雨晴 孙雪莹 郭瑞萍 吴志坚 吕泓学 吴庆明[1] 张剑飞 MA Yue;ZHANG Yuqing;SUN Xueying;GUO Ruiping;WU Zhijian;LÜHongxue;WU Qingming;ZHANG Jianfei(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Administration Bureau of Huihe National Nature Reserve,Inner Mongolia,Hailar,021100,China;Administration of Heilongjiang Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Qiqihar,161000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]内蒙古辉河国家级自然保护区管理局,海拉尔021100 [3]黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局,齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第1期162-168,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271557);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2572022AW19)。

摘　　要：为掌握繁殖期白枕鹤(Grus vipio)栖息地适宜情况,2021年4—6月和2022年5—6月基于白枕鹤分布位点,利用MaxEnt模型对辉河国家级自然保护区白枕鹤繁殖期栖息地适宜性进行评价。结果表明:(1)2021年白枕鹤的训练数据AUC值为0.971,测试数据AUC值为0.970;2022年训练数据AUC值为0.974,测试数据AUC值为0.972,结果均大于0.900,表明MaxEnt模型预测结果均达到优秀水平。(2)不同年度白枕鹤繁殖期栖息地利用的主要影响因子不同,2021年主要为归一化植被指数、距道路距离和土壤亮度,2022年主要为土壤湿度、海拔和土壤亮度。(3)不同年度白枕鹤繁殖期栖息地适宜面积有差异,2021年为1679 hm^(2)(最适和适宜栖息地面积分别为75、1604 hm^(2),占保护区总面积的0.48%),2022年适宜面积较大,为8473 hm^(2)(最适和适宜栖息地面积分别为56、8417 hm^(2),占保护区总面积的2.44%)。辉河保护区内白枕鹤繁殖期栖息地面积有限,且不连续、连通度较低,人类活动对白枕鹤繁殖期栖息地的利用存在干扰,建议保护区在白枕鹤繁殖期限制区内人类活动,减少对白枕鹤的影响。In order to evaluate the habitat suitability of the white-naped crane(Grus vipio) during the breeding period in Huihe National Nature Reserve,bird distribution data collected from April to June 2021 and from May to June 2022 was used for the analysis via MaxEnt model.Results showed that:(1) the AUC value of the training dataset of the white-naped crane in 2021 was 0.971 and the AUC value of the test data was 0.970,and the AUC value of the training data of the whitenaped crane in 2022 was 0.974 and the AUC value of the test data was 0.972,indicating that the prediction results of the MaxEnt model reached the excellent level in both years(greater than 0.900).(2) The main influencing factors of habitat utilization varied by years,and they were normalized difference vegetation index,distance from road and soil brightness in 2021,but were soil moisture,altitude and soil brightness in 2022.(3) The area of suitable habitats also varied by years,with a total of 1,679 hm^(2) in 2021(the optimal and suitable habitat areas were 75 hm^(2) and 1,604 hm^(2),accounting for 0.48%of the total area of the reserve),and 8,473 hm^(2) in 2022(the optimal and suitable habitat areas were 56 hm^(2) and 8,417 hm^(2),accounting for 2.44% of the total area of the reserve).Further analysis showed that the breeding habitat area of the whitenaped crane at the Huihe Reserve was small,discontinuous with low-connectivity,and human activities interfered with the habitat utilization of the white-naped crane during the breeding period in the reserve.Therefore it is recommended that the reserve shall limit human activities at the breeding area to reduce the impact on white-naped crane.

关 键 词：MaxEnt模型 栖息地适宜性 繁殖期 白枕鹤 辉河国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]