叶面喷施稀土微肥对南红梨果实采后品质的影响  

Effect of foliar spraying of rare earth micronutrient fertilizer on fruit quality of Nanhong pear

作　　者：崔全石 孙嘉茂 时瑀繁 李宏建[2] 王爱德[1] 袁晖[1] 沙守峰[2] CUI Quanshi;SUN Jiamao;SHI Yufan;LI Hongjian;WANG Aide;YUAN Hui;SHA Shoufeng(Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology/State Education Ministry and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Protected Horticul-ture/National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design&Application Technology(Liaon-ing)/College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Provincial Institute of Fruit Tree Science,Xiongyue 115009,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果品采后生物学重点实验室·设施园艺省部共建教育部重点实验室·北方园艺设施设计与应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心(辽宁)·沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁熊岳115009

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第1期52-64,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(31801834);沈阳农业大学中青年研究生导师培育项目(2022-ZZDS-12)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过叶面喷施稀土微肥改善南红梨果实品质,促进南红梨果皮着色,并筛选出稀土微肥叶面喷施最佳的施用浓度。【方法】采用不同浓度梯度的稀土微肥(800倍、1000倍、1200倍)与螯合稀土微肥(100倍、200倍、300倍)分别于花后70、100、130d进行叶面喷施,蒸馏水为对照,花后145d采收果实。贮藏0、5、10、15d对果实内在品质指标(硬度、可溶性固形物含量、抗坏血酸含量、石细胞含量、可滴定酸含量、丙二醛含量、乙烯含量)和外观指标(色差、花青苷含量)进行测定。通过荧光定量PCR测定采后果实中花青苷合成相关基因和乙烯相关基因的表达水平。【结果】稀土微肥进行叶面喷施后能够提高南红梨果实采后品质,稀土微肥800倍处理组效果最为明显,在采后各时期品质指标均优于对照,其中,在贮藏0d时,果实中抗坏血酸含量比对照显著提高47%,果实色差值、花青苷含量和可溶性固形物含量显著高于对照,分别是对照的3.9、4.4和1.3倍,石细胞、可滴定酸和丙二醛含量分别比对照显著降低34%、11%和19%;果皮中花青苷合成相关基因PuPAL、PuCHS、PuCHI、PuF3H、PuDFR、PuANS、PuUFGT表达量增加;果实硬度相比对照显著提高7.5%,乙烯合成相关基因PuACS1、PuACO_(2)、PuERF2表达量降低。【结论】叶面喷施稀土微肥能够明显提高南红梨果实品质,喷施稀土微肥800倍后果实品质提高最为明显;螯合稀土微肥300倍处理后果实的品质有显著的提升,但树体在喷施后出现大量落果现象。【Objective】The study aimed to determine the optimal foliar application concentration of rare earth micronutrient fertilizer by comparing the treatment of foliar spraying with rare earth micronu-trient fertilizer and the foliar spraying with distilled water(control).Pyrus ussuriensis‘Nanhong’pear is a characteristic variety in Liaoning region.In recent years,the fruit quality of Nanhong pear has shown a downward trend in fruit taste,flavor,and coloring.The rare earth micronutrient fertilizer is a new type of plant growth regulator with the characteristics of low dosage,low price,and obvious ef-fects.It is widely used in various aspects of agricultural production,however,it has not been popularly used in the production of Nanhong pear.This experiment involved the investigation of the effects of the spray of the rare earth micronutrient fertilizers on the fruit quality of Nanhong pear.【Methods】The Nanhong pear trees with consistent growth potential and growth areas were selected as experimental materials.2-3 liters of the rare earth micronutrient fertilizer were sprayed,and the fruit quality was test-ed.Six concentration gradients of the rare earth micronutrient fertilizer were set up,that is,1200,1000 and 800 times of the ultrapure rare earth micronutrient fertilizer,300,200,100 times of the chelating rare earth micronutrient fertilizer.The distilled water was used as the control.The foliar sprays were done on 70,100,and 130 days after flowering,and harvest was done on 145 days after flowering.The indicators of fruit quality were measured every 5 days after harvest,and the expression levels of antho-cyanin synthesis related genes and ethylene synthesis related genes in the fruits were analyzed through fluorescence quantitative PCR detection.【Results】The fruit quality of Nanhong pear was significantly improved by the sprays of the rare earth micronutrient fertilizer,the effect of 800 times of the ultrapure rare earth micronutrient fertilizer was the most obvious,especially,and the quality indexs in e

关 键 词：南红梨 果实品质 稀土微肥 花青苷 乙烯 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]