捕食梨火疫病菌黏细菌菌株的筛选及其生防潜力  

Screening and biocontrol potential of myxobacteria preying on pathogenic bacteria causing pear fire blight

作　　者：董志铭 白欣禾 窦新玉 罗明[1] 吕文 韩剑[1] DONG Zhiming;BAI Xinhe;DOU Xinyu;LUO Ming;LYU Wen;HAN Jian(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture&Forestry of the North-western Desert Oasis(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院·农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室(部省共建)·农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第1期143-154,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A97);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2021D01D12);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400200);南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(KYYJ201909)。

摘　　要：【目的】发掘梨火疫病生防资源,探究黏细菌在梨火疫病生物防治中的应用潜力。【方法】通过菌苔捕食和对峙共培养从实验室前期分离、保存的黏细菌菌株中筛选高效捕食梨火疫病菌的黏细菌菌株,并通过喷施梨离体花序和盆栽杜梨苗测定其防病效果。【结果】(1)46株供试黏细菌菌株对梨火疫病菌均具有捕食能力,其中菌株WCH05、FB02和WCH03对梨火疫病菌的平板捕食能力较强。(2)黏细菌菌株WCH05预处理(喷施)对预防梨花腐的效果显著,其7d平均防效为68.35%,与农用链霉素(68.20%)接近,其次是菌株FB02,防效达到63.24%,而菌株WCH03的防效相对较低,为50.36%;黏细菌菌株WCH05、FB02和WCH03预处理(喷施)能够显著降低盆栽杜梨苗嫩枝的枝枯率和病情指数(p<0.05),7~21 d的平均保护性防效分别为81.53%、76.38%和71.44%,治疗性防效分别为63.84%、51.13%和54.88%。(3)结合形态学特征和多基因序列分析,将WCH05和FB02鉴定为橙色黏球菌(Myxococcus fulvus),WCH03鉴定为黄色黏球菌(Myxococcusxanthus)。【结论】筛选获得3株对梨火疫病菌具有高捕食能力的黏细菌菌株,室内防效显著,具有较好的生物防治应用前景。【Objective】Pear fire blight is one of the destructive diseases of Rosaceae plants,which was first discovered successively in Yili and Bazhou in Xinjiang in 2016,and if effective preventive and con-trol measures can’t be taken to curb the spread and proliferation of the disease,not only will it cause heavy damage to Xinjiang’s characteristic advantageous pear industry and face the risk of destruction,but also will bring a major threat to Xinjiang and even the national fruit industry.At present,pear fire blight control methods mainly include phytosanitary,pruning,eradication of diseased plants and chemi-cal control and other ways,but these methods have some disadvantages.Research and practice have shown that biological control can achieve good preventive effect,compared with chemical pesticides,and has the outstanding advantages of strong selectivity,not easy to produce resistance,safety and high efficiency.Therefore,the aim of this study was to explore the biological resources for controlling pear fire blight and determine the potential of myxobacteria in the biological control for pear fire blight.【Methods】In this study,a 100μL suspension of Erwinia amylovora was vertically inoculated on the surface of TPM nutrient-free medium,and it was allowed to dry naturally,3μL of myxobacteria suspen-sion was inoculated at the center of the moss for the moss predation test,which was periodically photo-graphed,and the predation was completed by scraping the plate of the pathogen moss after the 5th day,and the number of residual viable bacteria was counted by diluting and coating the moss.Myxobacteria were inoculated near the edge of the dried pathogen moss,and the face-off culture was carried out.Af-ter the 5th day,the pathogenic bacteria and moss were scraped,diluted and coated,and the number of vi-able bacteria was calculated.Two methods were used to screen out myxobacteria strains that could effi-ciently prey on pear fire blight bacteria from pre-laboratory isolates and preserved mucoid bacterial strains.Afte

关 键 词：梨火疫病 黏细菌 捕食 筛选 生物防治 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] S436.612[农业科学—园艺学]