危重新生儿压力性损伤发生特征及危险因素分析  

Characteristics and risk factors of pressure injurie in critical neonate

作　　者：陈玲[1] 尚彦彦[1] 黄红丽[1] 张庆[1] 林云 CHEN Ling;SHANG Yanyan;HUANG Hongli;ZHANG Qing;LIN Yun(Department of Neonatology,People's Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院新生儿科,武汉市430060

出　　处：《护理管理杂志》2023年第9期764-769,共6页Journal of Nursing Administration

基　　金：湖北省重点实验室开放项目课题(2021KFH026)。

摘　　要：目的调查新生儿重症监护室危重新生儿压力性损伤发生特征,并分析其影响因素。方法2019年6月至2020年3月,采用自行设计的危重新生儿压力性损伤发生情况调查表对某三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护室192例危重新生儿的压力性损伤情况进行调查,并分析其影响因素。结果危重新生儿压力性损伤发生率为41.67%,头面部为压力性损伤的高发部位;压力性损伤前暖箱平均温度和湿度、肺表面活性物质使用次数、入院时新生儿皮肤风险评分、意识障碍是危重新生儿压力性损伤发生的危险因素,24 h维持镇静药使用次数、胎龄≤36 w及出生无窒息复苏是压力性损伤发生的保护因素。结论危重新生儿是压力性损伤的高发人群,医疗设备相关压力性损伤发生率高,护士应掌握不同性质压力性损伤的发生特征及影响因素,做到早识别、早干预,防止压力性损伤的发生。Objective To investigate the status of pressure injuries(PI)in critical neonates in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)and analyze its risk factors.Methods From June 2019 to March 2020,a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the PI in critical neonate(n=192)in NICU from a tertiary grade A hospital,and related factors were analyzed.Results The incidence of PI was 41.67%,with the highest position of head and face.The temperature and humidity of the incubator before PI,the number of pulmonary surfactant use,neonatal skin risk score at admission,and the disturbance of consciousness were the risk factors for PI,while the frequency of sedative use within 24 h,gestational age≤36 w,and birth without asphyxia resuscitation were the protective factors for PI.Conclusion Critical neonates have high risk factors of PI.The incidence rate to PI related to medical aquipment is high.Nurses should take targeted measures to identify the risk factors of PI,prevent the occurrence of PI in NICU.

关 键 词：新生儿重症监护室 危重新生儿 压力性损伤 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.72[医药卫生—护理学]