芸薹属植物全基因组重测序研究进展  

Research progress on whole-genome resequencing in Brassica

作　　者：罗瑞 陈娅 张汉马 Rui Luo;Ya Chen;Hanma Zhang(College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第10期147-159,共13页Biodiversity Science

摘　　要：芸薹属(Brassica)包含多种重要经济作物。近年来,随着DNA测序技术的快速发展和测序成本的不断降低,全基因组重测序已成为芸薹属植物研究的重要手段。本文简要介绍了芸薹属植物全基因组测序近况以及在利用重测序技术研究该属植物的驯化起源、环境适应性和重要性状形成的分子基础等方面所取得的一些重要进展,包括目前已经全测序的8个芸苔属植物基因组,利用全基因组重测序技术研究甘蓝、白菜、芥菜等物种的驯化起源及关系,鉴定芸苔属植物中与病害、节律、矿质养分响应以及与色素合成、雄性不育、重要生产性状相关基因等方面取得的重要进展。这些进展不仅展示了全基因组重测序技术与前期基于线粒体DNA和叶绿体DNA标记技术相比在研究芸苔属植物的优势,也为培育具有优良环境适应性和优良生产性状的芸苔属作物品种提供了重要理论和技术支撑。未来,全基因组重测序技术在芸薹属植物研究中将会进一步普及,其对芸苔属植物的基础生物学研究和新品种培育的影响将会得到彰显。Background:Brassica contains a variety of economically important crops.In recent years,with the rapid development of DNA sequencing technology and the continuous reduction of sequencing costs,whole-genome resequencing has become an important tool for Brassica research.Main contents:This paper briefly introduces the current status of whole-genome sequencing in Brassica plants and some important progresses made in using whole-genome resequencing technology to study the domestication origin,environmental adaptations and the molecular basis of important traits of Brassica plants,including the fully sequenced 8 Brassica plant genomes,the use of the whole-genome resequencing technology in studying the domestication origin and relationship of Brassica oleracea,B.rapa,B.nigra and other Brassica species,and the identification of genes related to the adaptations to disease,rhythm and mineral nutrients,pigment synthesis,male sterility,and important production traits of Brassica plants.The research progresses introduced in this paper not only demonstrates the advantages of whole-genome resequencing technology in the study of Brassica plants in comparison with previous methods based on mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA markers,but also provides important theoretical and technical support for future breeding of new Brassica crop varieties with improved environmental adaptability and excellent production traits.Perspectives:As a relatively new research tool,whole-genome resequencing technology will be further widely adopted in future research of Brassica plants,its impact on the basic biological research and the breeding of new varieties of Brassica plants will be demonstrated.

关 键 词：芸薹属 全基因组重测序 研究进展 适应性 性状 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]