植物促生菌的功能及在可持续农业中的应用  

Functions of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Their Application in Sustainable Agriculture

作　　者：马莹 曹梦圆 石孝均 李振轮[1] 骆永明[2] MA Ying;CAO Mengyuan;SHI Xiaojun;LI Zhenun;LUO Yongming(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第6期1555-1568,共14页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(SWU020010);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0827);重庆市留学人员回国创业创新支持计划(创新类重点)(cx2021001);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(重点)(KJZD-K202200204)资助。

摘　　要：全球气候变化以及人口增长加剧了农业生产中各种生物(如病原菌)和非生物(如干旱、盐渍、高温等)胁迫,并通过影响植物形态、生理生化特征和代谢功能等阻碍植物的生长、发育和生产力提升,最终影响农作物的产量和品质并严重威胁着农业的可持续发展。随着现代农业的大力发展,有益微生物因其能够改良土壤质量、提高土壤肥力、提升农作物抗胁迫性能和增产提质的功效显著而备受关注。简要概述了植物促生菌(PlantGrowth-PromotingBacteria,PGPB)的种类和施用效应,重点剖析了PGPB产生植物生长激素、固氮作用、加强对营养物质的吸收利用(溶磷、解钾和合成铁载体)、缓解生物和非生物胁迫以及调节植物根系构型和根际微生物群落结构等促生和抗胁迫机制,系统梳理了近年来运用于现代农业中的PGPB菌剂制备和施用方式的前沿科学技术,并进一步讨论了PGPB在未来农业生产中的应用前景以及研究方向。Global climate change and population growth exacerbate various biotic(e.g.,infection of pathogens)and abiotic(e.g.,drought,salinity,high temperature)stress in agricultural production,which impede plant growth,development and productivity by affecting plant morphology,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as metabolic functions.Consequently,this affects crop yield and quality and seriously threatens agricultural sustainability.With the vigorous development of modern agriculture,beneficial microorganisms have attracted much attention due to their ability to improve soil quality and fertility,stress tolerance in crops,and their yield and quality.Besides,the proper use of microbial inoculum in agricultural production can achieve the effects of reducing the amounts of agrochemicals,reducing production costs,improving the quality of agricultural products,and protecting the ecological environment,which is also in line with the agricultural production goal of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.In this review,the types and application effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPB)were briefly summarized,with emphasis on the analysis of PGPB's ability to produce phytohormone,fix nitrogen,facilitate the absorption and utilization of nutrients(phosphate and potassium solubilization and siderophore production),alleviate biotic and abiotic stress,regulate plant root architecture and rhizosphere microbial community structure.Moreover,the frontier science and technology of PGPB inoculum preparation and application methods in modern agriculture in recent years were systematically explored,and the application prospect and research direction of PGPB in future agricultural production were further discussed.

关 键 词：植物促生菌 促生机制 生物和非生物胁迫 可持续农业 接种方式 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]