阳山水蜜桃园肥料投入及不同种植年限土壤养分累积现状  

Characteristics of Fertilizer Inputs and Soil Nutrient Accumulation in Yangshan Juicy Peach Orchard with Different Cultivation Years

作　　者：杨广 汪玉[1] 王慎强[1,2] 赵旭 YANG Guang;WANG Yu;WANG Shenqiang;ZHAO Xu(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第6期1712-1723,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700801)资助。

摘　　要：阳山水蜜桃为中国国家地理标志产品,土肥科学管理对其产业的可持续发展至关重要。选择4个主要水蜜桃种植镇含不同种植年限的33块桃园为研究对象,通过实地问卷调查结合室内土壤样品分析,以摸清水蜜桃园肥料投入结构,分析桃园土壤养分丰缺状况及生态化学计量特征。结果表明:桃园氮、磷、钾平均总投入量分别为527kg·hm–2(以N计)、362kg·hm^(-2)(以P_(2)O_(5)计)、545 kg·hm^(–2)(以K2O计),以三元复合肥为主的化肥来源占比较大,而菜籽饼、牛粪、鸡粪、秸秆等有机来源的氮、磷、钾分别占投入总量的27.8%、15.4%、15.6%。种植大于10年的桃园0~20cm和20~40cm土层土壤pH均达到了强酸性水平(4.5<pH<5.5)。根据第二次全国土壤普查养分分级标准,桃园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量基本处于3级及以上标准,0~20cm土壤C:N、C:P、N:P随着种植年限的增加不断降低,种植10年以上的桃园土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量已经达到了1级水平,桃园土壤硝态氮含量范围在19.3~33.1mg·kg^(–1)。N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的当季表观盈余量分别为343 kg·hm^(-2)、238 kg·hm^(-2)、240 kg·hm^(-2)。综上,水蜜桃园连年高养分投入加剧土壤酸化和养分累积,土壤氮磷残留量过高,增加其流失风险,亟需研究并提出减肥增效、减排控失、高产保质的桃园绿色生产模式。【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the status of soil nutrient accumulation in the peach orchard of Taihu Watershed.It aimed to provide a guide for the green production mode of peach orchard.【Method】In this study,a total of 66 soil samples were collected from 33 juicy peach orchards,with different cultivation years in the four main planting towns.Combined with field research and laboratory analysis,the fertilizer input status,soil nutrient content and ecological stoichiometry characteristics were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the average total nutrient inputs was N 527 kg·hm–2,P_(2)O_(5)362 kg·hm–2 and K_(2)O 545 kg·hm^(–2),and the proportion of organic inputs were 27.8%,15.4%and 15.6%respectively.Here chemical fertilizer was mainly NPK compound fertilizer,while the types of organic fertilizer applied mainly included rapeseed cake,livestock manure,and composting straw.Over-application of fertilizer could aggravate soil acidification and nutrient accumulation,soil pH in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers of planted>10 years peach orchard both decreased by more than 1.5 units,which belonged to strongly acidic soil(4.5<pH<5.5).According to the 2nd National Soil Survey of soil fertility classification standards,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers reached level 3 or above,and the C:N,C:P and N:P ratios in 0–20 cm soil layer decreased with an increase of cultivation years.Soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium of planted>10 years peach orchard reached level 1.The soil NO_(3)^(–)-N concentration of the peach orchard was up to 19.3–33.1 mg·kg^(–1).The annual apparent surplus of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O were 343 kg·hm^(–2),238 kg·hm^(–2) and 240 kg·hm^(–1),respectively.【Conclusion】The excessive nutrient input in the peach orchard has aggravated soil acidification and nutrient accumulation.A high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated in the soil mig

关 键 词：阳山水蜜桃 肥料投入 种植年限 氮磷钾 化学计量特征 

分 类 号：S158.9[农业科学—土壤学]