大气颗粒沉降对城市土壤性状的影响:道路灰尘的磁学证据  

Effects of the Deposition of Atmospheric Particulate Matter on the Properties of Urban Soils:Evidence from Magnetic Susceptibility of Road Dusts

作　　者：王新栋 胡雪峰[1] 张延硕 崔蕾 刘睿 蓝文翀 李梅[1] 王加元 WANG Xindong;HU Xuefeng;ZHANG Yanshuo;CUI Lei;LIU Rui;LAN Wenchong;LI Mei;WANG Jiayuan(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海200444

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第6期1832-1840,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877005)资助。

摘　　要：为研究大气颗粒物沉降对城市土壤性状的影响,对上海宝山区典型工业区、交通区、居民区和农业区表土和道路灰尘的磁化率(χlf)、重金属元素含量进行了监测分析。结果表明,上海宝山各功能区表土磁性普遍增强,χlf平均值为130.7×10^(–8)m^(3)·kg^(–1),86.2%表土样χlf高于当地土壤背景磁性。与各功能区表土相邻的道路灰尘χlf增强更加显著,平均值达903.3×10^(-8)m^(3)·kg^(-1)。各功能区道路灰尘重金属的累积量也远高于相邻表土。其铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)的平均含量分别为表土的3.4倍、2.4倍、4.7倍、2.2倍、1.5倍、2.8倍、1.2倍、1.4倍和1.6倍。宝山区表土χlf与Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Cd含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与Pb、Fe含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。道路灰尘χlf与Zn、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Fe含量呈极显著相关性(P<0.01),与Cu呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。但是,不同功能区表土和道路灰尘χlf与重金属元素含量间的相关程度有差别,农业区土壤这种相关性较弱。研究区域道路灰尘的特异性状,揭示了城市大气颗粒物包含一定量人为成因的富集重金属元素的磁性颗粒。这类污染颗粒的长期、连续沉降,使得城市表土的磁性和重金属含量同步增强,并对城市土壤的性状产生深刻影响。To study the effects of deposition of atmospheric particulate matter(APM)on the properties of urban soils,the values of magnetic susceptibility(χlf)and heavy metals in the topsoils and road dust in the industrial,traffic,residential and agricultural areas of Baoshan District,Shanghai,were analyzed.The topsoils in the different functional areas of Baoshan District,Shanghai,commonly have significantly enhanced magnetic strength(χlf=130.7×10^(-8)m^(3)·kg^(-1) on average)of about 86.2%higher than the local magnetic background.χlf of the road dusts nearby the topsoils in the different functional areas was even more significantly enhanced,which was 903.3×10^(-8)m^(3)·kg^(-1) on average.Likewise,heavy metal contents in the road dust were significantly higher than those in the nearby topsoils in the different functional areas.The contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni,Cr,Co,Mn and Fe in the road dust were 3.4,2.4,4.7,22,1.5,2.8,1.2,1.4 and 1.6 times of those in the topsoils on average,respectively.Moreover,χlf of the topsoils in the Baoshan District was extremely significantly correlated with the contents of Cu,Zn,Cd,Ni,Cr and Mn(P<0.01),and also significantly correlated with Pb and Fe(P<0.05).Likewise,χlf of the road dust was also significantly correlated with the content of Zn,Ni,Cr,Co,Mn and Fe(P<0.01),and with Cu(P<0.05).Nevertheless,such correlations in the different functional areas of the district are highly different.Those in the agricultural topsoils are not significant.The distinctive characteristics of the road dust in the studied areas suggested that the APM under the urban environment contain a certain amount of anthropogenic magnetic particles enriched in heavy metals.The long-term and continuous deposition of such magnetic pollutants has led to the enhancement of magnetic signals and heavy metal contents in urban topsoils synchronously,and also adversely impacted the properties of urban soils significantly.

关 键 词：城市表土 道路灰尘 重金属 磁化率 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]