精神残障群体的生产性活动参与探究及其政策启示  

Productive Activity Participation Among Persons with Mental Disabilities and Policy Implications

作　　者：李莹[1] LI Ying

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2023年第4期45-56,共12页Disability Research

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“社会污名背景下首都严重精神障碍人士社会支持、社会参与及生活满意度研究:现状、问题与政策发展建议”(19SRB004)。

摘　　要：精神残障群体数量庞大且长期承受社会污名,社会参与困难。生产性活动的参与对于个体生命质量及其社会发展意义重大,在新发展阶段需要关注精神残障群体的生产性活动参与。本研究采用定量与定性相结合的混合研究方法,在北京13个街道、镇招募处于稳定康复期的精神残障人员进行问卷调查与访谈,探究其在就业、志愿活动与照顾家人三种类型生产性活动上的参与情况,以及精神疾病污名、社会支持对其生产性活动参与的影响。研究发现,个体层面的内化污名对于精神残障者生产性活动参与的预测作用并不显著,是否存在结构性歧视以及能否获得足够的社会支持才是决定其参与行为的硬条件。基于研究发现,文章构建了一个理解精神残障群体生产性活动参与的解释框架,认为个体对特定生产性角色的认同是连接结构与行动选择的中介。基于研究发现,提出在新的发展阶段,民政部门与残联系统应更加关注精神残障群体的生产性活动参与需求及人力资源开发,建议采用生产性康复理念,推动社区精神康复服务的转型升级与高质量发展。Persons with mental disabilities are a large group of people who are often subjected to social stigma,and have difficulties in social participation.As productive activity participation is crucial to individual quality of life and social development,priority should be given to productive activity participation in this group in China’s new development stage.Employing a mixed-methods research design,we conducted a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with stable persons with mental disabilities recruited from 13 streets/towns of Beijing,to examine their participation in three types of productive activities including employment,volunteer activities and caring for family,and the influence of mental illness stigma and social support on their participation.It was found that internalized stigma had no significant association with participation,but whether suffering from structural discrimination and having enough social support could determine their participation.An explanatory scheme was put forward to explain this situation,and individual identification with the special productive role was underlined as a link between structure and action selection.It is recommended that in this new development stage,relevant departments of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China and China Disabled Persons’Federation should pay more attention to the productive participation needs and development of human resources among persons with mental disabilities,and productive rehabilitation should be incorporated as a key idea to promote the transformation,upgrading and high-quality development of community-based mental health rehabilitation services.

关 键 词：精神残障 生产性活动 污名 社会支持 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]