不同肥密措施对南疆水稻抗倒伏及干物质生产特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Lodging-resistance,Dry Matter Production and Yield of Rice in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：王振洋 王冀川[1] 袁杰[2] 王奉斌[3] WANG Zhenyang;WANG Jichuan;YUAN Jie;WANG Fengbin(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Grain Crop Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国稻米》2024年第1期101-107,共7页China Rice

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2019E0246);兵团2021年三区科技人才专项(BT1720220015F)。

摘　　要：以新稻36号为材料,在南疆地区进行了以氮肥水平(N)作为主区、栽插密度(D)作为副区的田间裂区试验。结果表明,随施氮量增加,第1节间长度、第2节间长度、弯曲力矩、株高和重心高度显著增加,抗折力则先增后降以N2处理(纯N 240 kg/hm^(2))最高;合理密植能够控制个体发育,降低节间长度、弯曲力矩、株高与重心高度;茎秆倒伏指数由上述因素共同影响,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度20.83~27.78万丛/hm^(2)的处理抗倒伏性较优。花后干物质积累量对籽粒贡献占比为51.69%~76.14%,是籽粒干物质积累量的主要来源,适当增施氮肥能够提高花后干物质积累量与积累率;过量施肥则会使干物质在花前的积累量增大,多用于营养器官生长,不利于向籽粒转运。适度密植有利于提高花后干物质积累量,D4处理(27.78万丛/hm^(2))较其他处理提高18.06%~30.22%,同时也促进了干物质向籽粒的转运。综合来看,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度27.78万丛/hm^(2)时能显著改善水稻地上部分干物质的比例及干物质分配,且未发生倒伏,有利于产量提高。A field split plot experiment was conducted in the southern Xinjiang region with Xindao 36 as the material,nitrogen fertilizer level(N)as the main plot and planting density(D)as the sub plot.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the length and bending moment of the first and second internodes,the plant height and center of gravity height significantly increased.The bending resistance first increased and then decreased,with the highest in N2 treatment(240 kg N/hm^(2)).Reasonable close planting can control the individual development and reduce the internode length,bending moment,plant height and center of gravity height.The lodging index of stem is affected by the above indexes.When the nitrogen application rate is 240 kg/hm^(2),combined with planting density of 208300~277800 holes/hm^(2),the lodging resistance is better.The contribution of dry matter accumulation to grains after flowering accounted for 51.69%~76.14%,which was the main source of dry matter accumulation in grains.Proper application of nitrogen fertilizer could improve the dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate after flowering.Excessive fertilization will increase the accumulation of dry matter before flowering,which is mainly used for the growth of vegetative organs and is not conducive to transportation to grains.Moderate dense planting is beneficial for increasing the accumulation of dry matter after flowering,with D4 treatment(277800 holes/hm^(2))increased by 18.06%~30.22%compared to other treatments,and also promoting the transport of dry matter to grains.In general,when the nitrogen application rate is 240 kg/hm^(2)and the density is 277800 holes/hm^(2),the dry matter proportion and dry matter distribution of the aboveground parts are significantly improved,and no lodging occurs,which is conducive to the increase of yield.

关 键 词：水稻 施氮量 栽插密度 茎秆强度 干物质积累 干物质转运 南疆 

分 类 号：S511.05[农业科学—作物学] S143.1