一种态制备误差容忍的量子数字签名协议  

A quantum digital signature protocol with state preparation error tolerance

作　　者：马洛嘉 丁华建 陈子骐 张春辉 王琴[1,2] Ma Luo-Jia;Ding Hua-Jian;Chen Zi-Qi;Zhang Chun-Hui;Wang Qin(Institute of Quantum Information and Technology,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China;Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network of Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学,量子信息技术研究所,南京210003 [2]南京邮电大学,宽带无线通信与传感网教育部重点实验室,南京210003

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第2期69-75,共7页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12074194,11774180);江苏省自然科学基金前沿技术项目(批准号:BK20192001);江苏省重点研发计划产业前瞻与关键核心技术项目(批准号:BE2022071)资助的课题。

摘　　要：量子数字签名(quantum digital signature,QDS)能够以信息论安全保证签名消息的不可伪造性、不可否认性和可转移性,近年来备受关注与研究.其中,利用正交编码方式提出的信息论安全的实用化QDS协议,成为目前QDS研究的主流范式.然而,现有QDS理论和实验都忽视了态制备过程中由于调制器件的不完美性可能引入调制误差.本文针对此问题提出态制备误差容忍的QDS协议.仿真结果表明,相比原来的QDS协议,本协议对态制备误差具有较好的容忍度,能实现更高的签名率和签名距离.另外,本协议在密钥产生阶段只需要制备3个量子态,降低了实验要求和难度.因此,本协议将对未来QDS的实际应用提供重要的参考价值.The quantum digital signature(QDS)has attracted much attention as it ensures the nonrepudiation,unforgeability,and transferability of signature messages based on information-theoretic security.Amiri et al.(Phys.Rev.A 93032325)proposed the first practical QDS protocol based on orthogonal coding,which has realized information-theoretic security and become the mainstream paradigm in QDS research.The procedure of QDS involves two essential stages,the one is the distribution stage,in which Alice-Bob and Alice-Charlie individually utilize the three-intensity decoy-state quantum key distribution protocol but without error correction or privacy amplification,namely,key-generation protocol,to generate correlated bit strings,the other is the messaging stage,in which Alice transmits signature messages to the two recipients.However,previous theoretical and experimental studies both overlooked the modulation errors that may be introduced in the state preparation process due to the imperfections in modulator devices.Under the traditional framework of GLLP analysis method,these errors will significantly reduce the actual signature rates.Therefore,we propose a state-preparation-error tolerant QDS and use parameter analysis to characterize the state preparation error to make the simulation analysis more realistic.In addition,we analyze the signature rates of the present scheme by using the three-intensity decoy-state method.Compared with previous QDS protocols,our protocol almost shows no performance degradation under practical state preparation errors and exhibits a maximum transmission distance around 180 km.Furthermore,state preparation errors do not have a significant influence on the bit error rate induced by normal communication between the legitimate users or the one produced by an eavesdropper.These results prove that the method proposed in this paper has excellent robustness against state preparation errors and it can achieve much higher signature rates and signature distances than other standard methods.Besides,signatur

关 键 词：量子数字签名 态制备误差 诱骗态 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TN918.91[理学—物理]