枪弹弹头全弹道综合优化方法研究  

Research on comprehensive optimization method of bullet trajectory

作　　者：覃宗棣 李明池 刘永丰 常思江[1] QIN Zongdi;LI Mingchi;LIU Yongfeng;CHANG Sijiang(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,南京210094

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2023年第S02期1-5,共5页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：国家级创新训练项目(202210288002)。

摘　　要：为描述枪弹的射击过程与其侵彻能力,将基于热力学原理的经典内弹道模型、描述弹丸飞行斜距的质点弹道模型以及描述穿甲厚度的终点弹道模型相联系,建立了枪弹全弹道数学模型。以弹药装药量、弹头质量、弹头弧形部长度、圆柱部长度以及尾锥部长度作为优化设计变量,将提升枪弹弹头在射程距离处的侵彻能力作为优化目标,考虑枪弹结构设计尺寸约束和安全性约束条件,建立枪弹的全弹道优化设计模型,采用遗传算法对其求解,仿真结果表明,优化后的装药量、弹头质量、以及弹丸尺寸的设计参数组合能更有效地提升弹丸的穿甲能力。相比于初始设计,优化后方案在相同射程距离处击中硬度钢板时,飞行时间减少5.47%,着靶速度提升10.21%,穿甲厚度提升21.16%。The penetration ability of the projectile at the target range is an important factor affecting the strike efficiency.Improving the penetration ability of the bullet projectile is an important problem in the design process of the bullet.In order to describe the firing process of bullets and their penetration ability,the classical interior ballistic model based on thermodynamic principle,the particle ballistic model describing the oblique flight distance of bullets,and the terminal ballistic model describing the armor-piercing thickness are combined to establish the whole ballistic mathematical model of bullets.On this basis,the ammunition charge,warhead mass,warhead arc length,cylinder length and tail cone length are taken as the optimization design variables,and the penetration ability of the bullet at the range distance is taken as the optimization goal.Considering the structural design size constraints and safety constraints of the bullet,the full trajectory optimization design model of the bullet is established.The genetic algorithm is used to solve the model.The simulation results show that the optimized design parameter combination of charge quantity,warhead quality and projectile size can improve the penetration ability of projectile more effectively.Compared with the initial design,when the optimized scheme hits the hardness steel plate at the same range distance,the flight time is reduced by 5.47%,the target velocity is increased by 10.21%,and the armor-piercing thickness is increased by 21.16%.

关 键 词：枪弹 全弹道 弹丸结构 优化设计 终点弹道优化 

分 类 号：TJ411[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]