国家建构视角下基层负担过重的结构性困境:理论与个案分析  

On the Structural Predicament of Overburdened Grassroots Governments from the Perspective of State Construction:Theory and A Case Study

作　　者：张长东[1] 夏江浩 Zhang Changdong;Xia Jianghao(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第1期11-22,共12页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现当代国外国家理论跟踪研究”(20BZZ033);北京大学公共治理研究所课题“国家治理现代化:理论与实证研究”(TDXM202107)。

摘　　要：基层政府负担过重问题近年来引发了政策界和学界的高度关注,现有文献从科层体制、形式主义、基层治理能力等方面展开研究。我们需在此基础上进一步将基层政府负担问题置于历史变迁背景之下,从国家权力下沉及其背后的国家建构策略的变迁视角出发,重新反思这一问题。通过对L镇机构改革及其实际效果的深度个案分析,本文发现这一旨在强化乡镇政府能力、减轻其负担的改革却未能有效强化乡镇政府能力反而加重了其负担。究其原因,在于机构改革本身存在放责多于放权、乡镇无力承接放权以及运动式治理削弱专业化治理,以及村两委自治能力不足等。本文结合制度漂移理论进一步分析了其背后机理,并探讨了其对国家建构微观策略的理论意涵。The overburden problem of grassroots governments has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years in both policy and academic circles.The existing literature has examined it from the perspectives of hierarchical systems,formalism,and grassroots governance capacity.This work argues that the issue of grassroots government burden should be further placed in the context of historical change,and reconsidered from the perspective of changes in the handing over of state power and the underlying state-building strategies.Through an in-depth case study of the L-town institutional reform and its actual effects,this paper finds that this reform,which aims to strengthen the capacity of the local government and reduce its burden,has not been effective,but rather has increased its burden.The reasons for this are that the institutional reform itself has released more responsibilities than powers,that the local government is unable to take over the devolution of powers,that the movement-based governance has weakened the professional governance,and that the autonomy of the village committees is insufficient.By virtue of the institutional drift theory in the context of the institutional reform and its actual effects,this paper further analyzes the underlying mechanisms and explores the theoretical implications for the micro-strategy of state building.

关 键 词：基层政府负担 国家建构 制度漂移 机构改革 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]