降低水力压裂施工过程中砂堵风险的措施  

Measures to reduce the risk of sand blockage during hydraulic fracturing construction

作　　者：江鹏川 孙晓锋 崔国亮 张云飞 安恒序 Jiang Pengchuan;Sun Xiaofeng;Cui Guoiang;Zhang Yunfei;An Hengxu(CNOOC Energy Development Co.,Ltd.Engineering Technology Branch,Tianjin 300452)

机构地区：[1]中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司,天津300452

出　　处：《石化技术》2024年第1期15-17,共3页Petrochemical Industry Technology

基　　金：中海油能源发展重大科技专项“采油化学品自主化研发及产业化应用(Ⅰ期)”(HFZXKTGJ2022-03-05)。

摘　　要：水力压裂改造低渗油气藏是目前为止最有效的增产措施。水力压裂产生的裂缝需要用支撑剂进行填充,使水力裂缝保持足够的导流能力。但实际施工过程中,往往由于地质、工艺、管柱和设备方面的因素,导致支撑剂无法顺利输送至裂缝,而是被迫在近井地带和井筒内堆积,这就是所谓的压裂过程中的砂堵状况。砂堵是压裂所有风险在不加以干预的情况下的最终结果,若处理不当,将导致严重的安全事故和工程困难,后续处理手段将花费大量的经济成本和时间成本。基于此,将所有引起泵压变化的因素考虑在内,将各项因素引起的泵压变化值求和,模拟出整个压裂施工阶段泵压曲线的走势图,在正式压裂施工时,时时将实际的泵注压力曲线与该泵压曲线模拟图相对比,及时捕捉泵压异常升高的迹象,及早判断砂堵的早期迹象,为避免最终砂堵的形成赢得宝贵的时间和压力空间。并对砂堵早期的处理措施进行了分级,为科学有效避免压裂过程中的砂堵提供参考。Hydraulic fracturing is the most effective way to increase oil and gas production in low-permeability reservoirs.The fractures created by hydraulic fracturing need to befilled with proppant to maintain adequate hydraulic fracture conductivity.However,due to factors of geology,technology,string and equipment,proppant cannot be transported to the fracture and is instead forced to accumulate near or inside the wellbore,which is known as sand plugging during fracturing.Sand plug is the end result of all the risks of fracturing without intervention,if handled properly,it will lead to serious safety accidents and engineering difficulties,and the follow-up treatment ways will cost a lot of economic costs and time costs.In this paper,all factors causing pump pressure changes are taken into account,and the values of pump pressure changes caused by various factors are summed to simulate the trend diagram of the pump pressure curve during the entire fracturing construction stage.In the fracturing construction,the actual pumping pressure curve is compared with the simulated diagram of the pump pressure curve,so as to catch the signs of abnormal pump pressure rise in time and judge the early signs of sand plugging as soon as possible.Gain valuable time and pressure space to avoid the eventual formation of a sand plug.This paper classifies the early treatment measures of sand plugging,and provides reference for avoiding sand plugging in the process of fracturing scientifically and effectively.

关 键 词：水力压裂 施工压力 砂堵 

分 类 号：TE357.1[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]