基于集成技术调控的烟草青枯病绿色防控技术应用研究——以遵义市桐梓县九坝镇白盐井村为例  

Research and Application of Green Technology for Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Prevention and Control Based on Integrated Technology——Taking Baiyanjing Township of Tongzi County in Zunyi as an Example

作　　者：周郑雄 芶剑渝 丁伟[3] 田维强 周为华 黄纯杨 祝曾 李守学 郭磊 王垚 陈静 ZHOU Zhengxiong;GOU Jianyu;DING Wei;TIAN Weiqiang;ZHOU Weihua;HUANG Chunyang;ZHU Zeng;LI Shouxue;GUO Lei;WANG Yao;CHEN Jing(Tongzi Branch of Zunyi Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi Guizhou 563200,China;Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi Guizhou 563000,China;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓分公司,贵州遵义563000 [2]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000 [3]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《植物医学》2023年第6期13-20,共8页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司揭榜挂帅项目(2022520000240150).

摘　　要：青枯病是烟叶生产中最难防控、导致损失最大的根茎病害之一.为集成可持续的防控技术体系,本研究针对遵义市桐梓县烟草早生快发慢、青枯病危害严重的实际问题,在该地区连续3年的实践基础上,集成了土壤调酸、根际微生态调控、营养平衡和烟株抗性提升技术的本地化绿色防控技术体系,并评价了集成技术对烟草青枯病的控制效果,及对烟草农艺性状和产质量的影响.结果显示,处理区土壤理化性质得以改善,集成技术对处理区烤烟的生长具有一定的促生作用,全育期增加7 d,对团棵期和打顶期烟苗促生作用最明显.其中,打顶期株高、茎围、叶片数、最大叶长、最大叶宽和叶面积均显著高于对照区,分别提高了14.33%,42.88%,34.28%,17.60%,19.30%和40.27%.此外,采用集成技术的处理区一定程度上延缓了烟草青枯病的发生,病情指数和发病率均显著低于对照区,发病初期相对防效高达94.87%;发病暴发期的相对防效高达78.91%,发病平稳期的相对防效仍高达71.39%.经济性状方面,相比于对照区,处理区每667 m^(2)增收了489.52元,且烟叶均价提高了1.12元/kg.本研究结果可为烟草青枯病绿色防控技术的研发提供参考.Tobacco bacterial wilt is the most difficult rhizome disease to prevent and control,and the costliest in production.In order to integrate a sustainable prevention and control technology system,aiming at the practical problems of slow growth at early seedling stage of tobacco,and serious harm of tobacco bacterial wilt in Tongzi County,Zunyi City,and based on the three years of practice in the region,this study integrates the prevention and control technology system of soil acid regulation,rhizosphere micro-ecological regulation,nutrient balance and resistance improvement technology,and evaluates the effect of integrated technology on tobacco bacterial wilt control,agronomic traits and economic traits of tobacco.The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of soil in the treatment area were improved.The treatment had a certain effect on the growth of tobacco.The whole growth period was significantly increased by 7 days.The promoting effect on growth at clumping stage and topping stage were the most significant,among which the plant height,stem circumference,leaf number,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and leaf area were significantly increased by 14.33%,42.88%,34.28%,17.60%,19.30%and 40.27%,respectively,compared with those in the non-treated area.In addition,the treatment could delay the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt to a certain extent,and the disease index and incidence rate in the treatment area were significantly lower than in the control area,and the relative control efficiency in the early stage was as high as 94.87%.The control efficiency of the outbreak period was as high as 78.91%,and the control efficiency of the stable period was still 71.39%.In terms of economic traits,compared with the control area,the income of the treatment area increased by 489.52 yuan/667 m^(2),and the average price of tobacco leaves increased by 1.12 yuan/kg.The demonstration results of this study can provide a reference for the research and development of green prevention and control technology for to

关 键 词：烟草青枯病 根际微生态平衡 土壤调酸 抗性诱导 集成技术 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]