沙特阿拉伯金融市场百年变化考  

A Study on the Changes in Saudi Arabia’s Financial Market during the Past Century

作　　者：刘庆龙 Liu Qinglong

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《阿拉伯研究论丛》2022年第2期131-149,共19页Arab Studies

摘　　要：在过去100多年里,沙特金融市场走过了自己独特的发展道路。发轫于全球朝觐的沙特金融市场蕴含着国际化的基因,早期受限于国家初创中央政府权力不足,货币兑换商占据核心位置,成为沙特朝觐金融市场的主体。20世纪70年代是沙特金融现代化转型的关键时期,国际金融体制发生变革,布雷顿森林体系瓦解,货币兑换商无力独自面对挑战,而在第一次石油危机中获得巨额财富的沙特政府中央财政能力却大大增强。与此同时,沙特民族国家在不断建设。国内外变化中的诸多力量汇聚在一起,促成了沙特现代金融市场集中化、国际化的发展路径。一方面,沙特国家金融机构集中了经济金融权力和责任;另一方面,沙特通过伊斯兰银行扩大在国际金融资本市场上的影响力。沙特“2030愿景”中的金融领域改革继续走集中化和国际化的道路,萨勒曼父子通过树立公共投资基金的核心地位,进一步集中经济金融权力,并一改严格监管的金融传统,更积极主动地拥抱国际金融资本市场,以此推动经济社会全面改革。During the past 100 years,the Saudi financial market has undergone a unique development path.It was established based on the global pilgrimage,which included international factors.The money changer occupied the market and was seen as the main body of the pilgrimage financial market because the central government lacked power.Due to the Bretton Wood System collapsing,the international monetary system changed significantly,and the money changers could not face the challenges alone.Therefore,the critical period for Saudi Arabia and its economic modernization and transformation had arrived.The fiscal capacity of the Saudi government dramatically grew as the government gained massive wealth in the first oil crisis(1973 Oil Crisis).Meanwhile,the Saudi nation-state was constantly being built.The combination of different forces in and out of Saudi Arabia helped to centralize and internationalize the modern financial market.The national financial institutions of Saudi Arabia took over the economic and financial power and responsibility.At the same time,Saudis expanded their influence in the international capital market through the rise of Islamic banks.Saudi Vision 2030 follows the path and continues reforming its financial system through centralization and internationalization.By confirming the core position of Public Investment Funds,King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed further centralize the economy and are more willing to accept international capital than before.Financial reform has become a pillar of promoting the development of the Saudi economy and society.

关 键 词：沙特 货币兑换商 布雷顿森林体系 伊斯兰银行 “2030愿景” 

分 类 号：F831[经济管理—金融学]