聚落更新视角下山村院落景观分异特征及其提升策略——以长宁县为例  

Differentiation Characteristics of Mountain Village Courtyard Landscape and Its Improvement Strategies from the Perspective of Settlement Renewal:A Case Study of Changning County,China

作　　者：谭琳 张少尧 邓伟 张悦[1,2] 张凌青[4] 孟宝 TAN Lin;ZHANG Shaoyao;DENG Wei;ZHANG Yue;ZHANG Lingqing;MENG Bao(School of Geography and Resource Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sustainable Development Research Center of Resources and Environment in Western Sichuan,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610041,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Chengdu 610029,China;College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611830,China;Faculty of Economics and Business Administration,Yibin University,Yibin 644000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院,成都610101 [2]四川师范大学川西高原资源环境与可持续发展研究中心,成都610101 [3]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610029 [4]四川农业大学建筑与城乡规划学院,成都611830 [5]宜宾学院经济与工商管理学部,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《山地学报》2023年第5期716-732,共17页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930651);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42101244)。

摘　　要：山村院落景观是乡土景观的基本单元和重要表征,其景观要素的配置与组合对乡土景观的表达和美学价值具有重要影响。受数据及方法的限制,前人研究未从农户尺度上开展乡村景观要素的科学评价与定量解析。本研究基于聚落更新视角建立评价体系,以山村农户院落为单元,运用地理探测器对院落景观进行分异测度和归因解析,研究发现:(1)山村农户院落景观在村落间随地形变化而呈现分异性,院落个体景观是塑造村际尺度分异性的基质,村内不同聚落组团间的院落景观分异性小于村际间。(2)不同评价尺度对院落景观的贡献度差异明显,其中毗邻景观得分最低,主要缘于乡村规划和农户个体在院落营造中对毗邻景观协调性的重视度不够。(3)景观格局、地形、交通、生计模式是山村院落景观分异的主要动因。院落的适度集聚能有效增强优势院落景观的影响力,并通过同群效应影响个体景观的营造和聚落景观的协调性。(4)在乡村转型与聚落更新中,院落景观现代化趋势明显,但统一且多尺度的院落规划缺位,导致院落景观在不同尺度上协调性、有序性较低,据此本文提出山村院落景观品质的提升策略。本研究扩展了山村聚落景观分异及空间协调性的相关研究,可以为乡村聚落更新和景观美学价值的提升提供新的切入点,为促进乡村院落的合理布局及制定村庄规划提供指导性解决方案。The layout or organization of landscape features take a significant role in expressing perception and aesthetic values to a rural village.The view of mountain village courtyard constitutes a fundamental unit and virtual representation of rural landscapes.Unfortunately,earlier research didn’t quantitatively conduct evaluation on rural landscape elements on a household scale,partly as a result of unavailability in methodology or deficiency in data.In this study,it created an assessment framework from a perspective of settlement renewal,which took rural village courtyard as an unit of measurement to weigh landscape features by geographic detectors.It found several points.(1)Landscapes of rural household-yard were governed by terrains in villages,with a differentialized formation.Each landscape of household-yard was matrix for creating the differentiation of villages on a village scale.Landscape differentiation of household-yards in settlements clusters in a village was lower than those of villages.(2)Different evaluation scales led to varied contribution levels of household-yard landscape,where landscapes in the vicinity received the lowest score.This was primarily because individual farmers had little attention to planning of landscape in coordination with residential circumstances during the building of own courtyard.(3)The primary factors which determined landscape differentiations of household-yards in rural villages were their topography,transportation,and livelihood.In the case of settlement aggregation,it were to effectively increase the influence of dominant household-yard landscapes and integrate with other individual landscape in accordance with settlement landscape.(4)Modernization of courtyard landscapes was a trend in the process of rural transformation and settlement renewal;however,there was a lack of unified and multi-scale courtyard design,which resulted in poor landscape consistency in a village or rural settlements on various scales;in this regards,this research proposed an approach to improving

关 键 词：山村院落 景观评价 分异特征 地理过渡性 聚落更新 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]