夫妻生育权冲突的内在机理与解决路径  

Internal Mechanism and Solution of Conflict of the Couple’s Reproductive Right

作　　者：李倩 LI Qian(Law School,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学法学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期80-86,113,共8页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“大湄公河次区域ART跨国应用的伦理及法律问题研究”(19XGJ010);2022年“兴滇英才支持计划”经费支持项目。

摘　　要：当夫妻生育意愿发生矛盾,在无法藉由第三人实现生育自由的前提下,双方将困于生育权相互冲突之境况,对此应采取“分阶段优先原则”予以处理。尽管该原则无法从根本上实现各方生育自由,但系最低伤害方案,且可作为夫妻间是否存在生育权侵权行为的判断标准,为嗣后的生育权救济提供依据。在夫妻法定共同财产制下,一方违反该原则时,应承担停止侵害等防御性侵权责任。在约定分别财产制下,若一方违反该原则造成“消极损害”,即致使对方生育意愿未实现,应承担相应损害赔偿责任;若造成“积极损害”,即致使对方生下不被期待子女,基于生命伦理与父母义务考量,子女抚养费之财产损害与生育权受侵害之精神损害不具有可赔偿性。When there is a conflict between husband's and wife's fertility wishes,with no third party to realize their freedom of fertility,both parties will be trapped in the dilemma of conflicting reproductive rights,which should be dealt with according to the principle of“phased priority”.Although this principle can't fundamentally realize the reproductive freedom of each party,it is a scheme of minimum harm,and it can be used as a criterion to judge whether there is any infringement of reproductive rights between husband and wife,and can provide a basis for subsequent relief of reproductive rights.Under the system of legal common property between the spouse,the party that violates this principle should bear such defensive infringement liability as stopping infringement.Under the system of agreed separate property,the party that violates this principle and causes“negative damage”,i.e.,causing the other party's fertility wish to fail,should bear the corresponding liability of compensation for damages;If the party causes“positive damage”,i.e.,causing the other party to give birth to unexpected children,considering bioethics and parental obligations,property damage of child support and mental damage of infringement of reproductive rights are not compensable.

关 键 词：生育权 人格权 权利冲突 婚内侵权 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]