自我交易合同效力与归入权行使——以董事高管向公司贷款为例  

The Effect of Self-Dealing Contract and the Exercise of Disgorgement——A Case Study of Directors and Senior Officers Providing Loans to Companies

作　　者：杨维钧 罗昆[1,2] YANG Wei-jun;LUO Kun(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China;Judicial Case Study Center,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学司法案例研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期87-96,共10页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“《民法典》适用中的国家利益保护问题研究”(20AFX016)。

摘　　要：《公司法》并未对自我交易合同效力做出明确规定。法院对董事高管向公司提供借款这类自我交易合同效力判断标准、归入权行使条件及二者间的关系等问题存在分歧。《公司法》并未绝对禁止自我交易,董事高管向公司提供借款既存在促进公司发展的可能,也会有约定过高利息或虚构借款事实损害公司利益的情况,其合同效力应结合公司利益是否受损及《民法典》关于权利滥用的认定标准在个案中具体判断。向公司提供借款的董事高管应当证明:以交易价格为核心的交易条款公平合理;证明交易符合公司利益是必要的,否则可以通过合同无效或对所获利益行使归入权的方式要求董事高管承担权利滥用的法律后果。可适当放宽程序要求,将公司和非关联方董事高管实际履行合同的行为视为对自我交易的批准或追认。The Company Law has not made clear provisions on the effectiveness of self-dealing contracts.The court has different opinions on the criterion of validity and the conditions for exercising disgorgement of self-dealing contracts such as loans provided by directors and senior officers to companies,and the relationship between them.The Company Law does not absolutely prohibit self-dealing.Chances are that directors and senior officers providing loans promotes the development of their company,but cases also exist where excessive agreed interest or fabricated loan facts damage the interests of the company.Therefore,the validity of the contract should be specifically judged in individual cases based on whether corporate interest is damaged and the identification criteria of power abuse stipulated in The Civil Code.The directors and senior officers providing loans to companies shall prove that transaction terms with the transaction price at the core are fair and reasonable,and that the transaction is in the company's interest and necessary,otherwise the directors and senior officers can be required to bear legal consequences of their power abuse through invalidating contract or exercising the right to recover benefits obtained.The requirements of the procedure can be appropriately relaxed,regarding actual performance of the contract by the company and non-related directors and senior officers as the approval or ratification of self-dealing.

关 键 词：自我交易 归入权 公司利益 忠实义务 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]