高熵合金电解水电极的研究进展  

Recent Progress on High Entropy Alloy Water Electrolytic Electrode

作　　者：邢伯玮 张楠楠[1] 马婧雯 左晓姣[1] 于惠舒[1] 霍萧冉 张啸 XING Bowei;ZHANG Nannan;MA Jingwen;ZUO Xiaojiao;YU Huishu;HUO Xiaoran;ZHANG Xiao(Department of Material Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110870

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第2期49-59,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究面上项目(LJKMZ20220463);辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目(2022-MS-272)。

摘　　要：开发合适的催化材料,制备出高性能、大规模、低成本的催化电极,可减少电解水过程的能量消耗、提升制氢效率。高熵合金由于具有高催化活性,在催化电极应用方面受到广泛关注。综述了应用于电解水过程中析氢反应和析氧反应的高熵合金催化电极的研究进展。首先简述了电解水制氢的工业背景和电化学原理;分析了高熵合金催化活性的来源,即杂化能带结构带来的更为合理的表面吸附能和更多的表面活性位点,以及其特有的高熵效应与“鸡尾酒”效应对整体催化活性的影响;接着讨论了高熵合金的成分设计理念,即通过非贵金属元素的替代来降低成本,同时通过改变合金化元素含量提高高熵合金的内禀活性、增加表面活性位点数量;介绍了第一性原理计算在高熵合金催化机理研究、催化表面吸附能调控、合金成分高通量筛选中的应用;总结了高熵合金平板、多孔、负载纳米颗粒催化电极制备的工艺特点,以及其中的问题与挑战;最后对未来高熵合金电催化电极的发展前景和研究方向进行了展望。The efficiency of hydrogen generation can be improved by developing suitable catalytic materials and preparing the catalytic electrode with high performance,large scale,and low cost.As a new platform for catalysis,high entropy alloy(HEA) has attracted extensive attention for its high catalytic activity.The work aims to review the recent advances in the HEA water electrolytic electrodes for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Firstly,a brief introduction to the industrial background and electrochemical principles of water electrolysis was made.The sources of high activity of HEA,i.e.,rational adsorption energy and a large number of active sites attributed to hybridized energy bond,were analyzed.The strategies of HEA composition design,including the replacement of noble metals and the effects of alloying elements on catalytic activity,were discussed.The applications of first-principle calculation in the study of the catalytic mechanism,regulation of adsorption energy,and high-throughput screening of composition,were introduced.The processing and challenges of catalytic electrodes with different macrostructure,including the plate,porous,and nanoparticle-loaded electrodes,were summarized.Finally,the perspectives and research direction were featured.At present,two ways to improve the catalytic activity of HEA electrodes,are to increase the intrinsic activity by designing the rational composition,and to increase the number of active sites by optimizing the processing.For composition design,Pt-group HEA(IrPdPtRhRu) shows the highest HER activity corresponding to the lowest overpotential.Meanwhile,the 3d transition metals have a significant advantage in reducing costs.Pd-doped 3d transition metal HEA(FeCoNiCuPd) also shows the best performance for catalyzing OER.On the other hand,first-principle calculation plays a vital role in composition design.It can be used to predict the adsorption energy to establish the volcano curves or to screen the composition.It can also be used

关 键 词：高熵合金 电解水 催化电极 成分设计 第一性原理 活性位点 

分 类 号：TG133[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]