行政复议前置设定的法治实践  

The Rule of Law Practice of Prepositive Administrative Reconsideration

作　　者：叶必丰[1] YE Bifeng

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第1期123-135,共13页Law Review

摘　　要：复议前置属于行政诉讼制度,应当受行政诉讼法的约束。《行政诉讼法》规定了对复议前置的容许性、设定权及设定范围,现受到了《行政复议法》的挑战。我国至今设定复议前置的法律、行政法规总计74部/件,总体上遵循了《行政诉讼法》的规则。省级地方性法规普遍偏好设定复议前置,规章设定复议前置违反了法治原则。法律、行政法规曾设定65种行政行为争议为复议前置,所采用的标准是“主管部门+行政行为类型”。现行《行政复议法》将复议前置的设定标准发展为“行政行为类型+属性”,跳出了主管部门框架,但并不是对法律、行政法规设定复议前置的行政争议类型化标准或限制。如果能继续坚持《行政诉讼法》对复议前置设定的约束,复议前置的设定主体能继续保持依法自律,对复议前置行政行为的设定能跳出主管部门框架,按“行政行为类型+属性”设定复议前置并允许由法律排除或由法院作限制性解释,则不必担心法律、行政法规滥设复议前置,复议前置不会无限制扩张。Prepositive reconsideration belongs to the administrative litigation system and should be subject to the constraints of the Administrative Procedure Law.The Administrative Procedure Law stipulates the permissibility,setting power,and scope of prepositive reconsideration,which are currently challenged by the Administrative Reconsideration Law.Up to now,there are total 74laws and administrative regulations in China which set prepositive reconsideration,generally following the rules of the Administrative Procedure Law and actively responding to its guidance.Local regulations of provincial level generally prefer to set prepositive reconsideration.The set of prepositive reconsideration by administrative rules violates the principle of rule of law.There were 65types of administrative disputes which applied prepositive reconsideration according to laws and administrative regulations,with the standard of"administrative authority+type of administrative action".Currently,the Administrative Reconsideration Law has developed the setting standard of prepositive reconsideration into"type of administrative action+attribute",which beyonds the framework of administrative authority,but it does not constitute a typed standard or restriction on the set of prepositive reconsideration by laws and administrative regulations.If the constraints of the Administrative Procedure Law on the set of prepositive reconsideration could persist,the subjects that set prepositive reconsideration could continue to exercise self-discipline according to law,the set of prepositive reconsideration could go beyond the framework of administrative authority,and the exclusive provisions of law and the court's restrictive interpretation could be sufficiently applied to the set of prepositive reconsideration according to the standard of"type of administrative action+attribute",there is no need to worry about the abuse of setting prepositive reconsideration by laws and administrative regulations,and prepositive reconsideration will not expand without limit.

关 键 词：行政复议复议前置 司法制度 行政诉讼法 行政行为 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]