“婚姻缔结”与“结婚登记”的二元化规制——《民法典》第1049条的法教义学重构  

The Dual Normative Structure of Marriage Conclusion:the Doctrinal Interpretation of Article 1049 of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：李鼎熙 LI Dingxi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第1期185-196,共12页Law Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“民法典与法治体系研究”(项目号:2022JJD820017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目前民法学界通说将结婚登记单纯解读为缔结婚姻的形式要件。《民法典》第1049条采用了“确立婚姻关系”的立法表达,学理上未清晰区分私法层面上的“婚姻缔结”与公法层面上的“结婚登记”。从司法实务来看,此种一元结构并不足以厘清婚姻缔结与婚姻登记之间的规范关系,而我国所特有的“补办登记”制度又加剧了理解上的混乱。规范上需要明确结婚登记作为行政确认的本质,并将其目的限于对所缔结婚姻关系的对外公示。而对婚姻内部当事人权利义务关系的判定则应当回归私法,以当事人意思为优先考量因素。同时“补办(结婚)登记”的实质意义也需要在此二元结构上予以进一步的细化。出于对个人权利与社会信赖的平衡,可以借鉴登记对抗主义的原理为该条的司法适用构建基本的规范框架。According to the general theory,marriage registration is simply interpreted as the formal requirements for the conclusion of marriage.Article 1049of the Chinese Civil Code adopts the expression of“a marital relationship shall be established upon completion of the marriage registration”,and there is no clear distinction between“marriage conclusion”and“marriage registration”.From the perspective of judicial practice,this unitary structure is not enough to clarify the normative relationship between marriage conclusion and marriage registration,and the unique"post-registration"norm has exacerbated the confusion in understanding.Normatively,it is necessary to clarify the nature of marriage registration as administrative confirmation and limit its purpose to the public announcement of the concluded marriage relationship.The determination of the rights and obligations of the parties within marriage should return to private law,with the will of the parties as the priority consideration.At the same time,the substantive meaning of“post-registration”also needs to be further refined in this binary structure.In order to balance individual rights and social trust,we can draw on the principle of registration antagonism to construct a basic normative framework for the judicial application of Article 1049.

关 键 词：婚姻缔结 结婚登记 补办结婚登记 同居关系 登记对抗主义 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]