离子吸附型稀土无铵开采现状  

Current of Ammonia-free Mining of Ion-adsorption Type Rare Earth Ores

作　　者：张朔 秦磊 王观石[1] 罗嗣海[1,2] 李琪 肖莜丰 彭陈亮 ZHANG Shuo;QIN Lei;WANG Guan-shi;LUO Si-hai;LI Qi;XIAO You-feng;PENG Chen-liang(School of Civil and Surveying&Mapping Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Infrastructure Engineering,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘学院,江西赣州341000 [2]南昌大学工程建设学院,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《稀土》2023年第6期123-134,I0006,共13页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52164008,52364015);江西省03专项及5G项目(20224ABC03A11);江西省高等学校井冈学者特聘教授岗位资助(205201200003);江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB211012)。

摘　　要：当前离子吸附型稀土的开采以硫酸铵-碳酸氢铵体系为主,这些铵类药剂的加入引发了一系列氨氮污染,造成了环境问题。为响应国家号召,实现绿色化生产,学者们对离子吸附型稀土的无铵化开采展开了深入研究。本文概述了现有稀土无铵浸出和提取的一些成果:溶浸过程的无铵化包括使用非铵类浸矿剂镁盐、钙盐等替代传统硫酸铵浸矿,以及使用助浸剂和抑杂剂提高浸出效率(少铵角度);浸出液提取过程的无铵化包括使用萃取法、离子交换法,或是使用非铵盐沉淀法处理浸出液。最后对离子吸附型稀土的无铵开采前景进行了展望。At present, the mining of ion-adsorption type rare earth ores is mainly based on ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate system. The addition of these ammonium agents has caused a series of ammonia nitrogen pollution and caused long-term environmental problems. In response to the government requirements to realize green production, scholars have carried out in-depth researches on the non-ammonium mining of ionic rare earth ores. In this paper, some achievements of ammonia-free leaching and extraction of rare earths are summarized. Ammonia-free leaching of rare earths in the leaching process includes the substitution of non-ammonium leaching agents such as magnesium salt and calcium salt for traditional ammonium sulfate leaching.The leaching-aid and miscellaneous-inhibitor are used to improve the leaching efficiency in order to reduce the amount of ammonium.The non-ammoniation of leachate during the extraction process includes the use of extraction, ion exchange, and the treatment of the leachate by non-ammonium precipitation. Finally, the prospect of ammonia-free mining of ionic rare earth ores is prospected.

关 键 词：离子吸附型稀土 氨氮污染 溶浸开采 无铵浸矿剂 浸出液提取 

分 类 号：TD865[矿业工程—金属矿开采]