云贵地区新石器至青铜时代的农业进程探究——以植物考古材料为中心  

An Archaeobotanical Perspective on the Agricultural Development Process in the Yunnan-Guizhou Region during the Neolithic and Bronze Age

作　　者：郜媛媛 GAO Yuanyuan(Chengdu,Sichuan 610041)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学旅游与历史文化学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《江汉考古》2023年第6期101-109,138,共10页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“青藏高原东缘新石器时代至青铜时代的资源利用与文明演进研究”(项目编号23CKG026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：云贵地区是我国西南地区的重要组成部分,其自然与人文环境的多样性造就了先民多元的生业策略。本文系统梳理了目前云贵地区出土的植物考古材料,对区域内新石器至青铜时代的农作物结构以及农业种植发展历程、区域特点等问题进行探究。现有材料表明,云贵地区自新石器时代晚期以来就经营稻粟混合型农业,随着青铜时代麦类作物的传入,滇西北、滇东等地开始流行稻粟麦混合型农业。除农作物外,野生植物资源在云贵地区先民的生活中也扮演着重要角色。探究云贵地区新石器至青铜时代多样化的植物资源利用策略,对理解西南地区早期文明进程具有重要意义。植物资源的选择既是先民对山地环境的适应与探索方式,也是区域间文化交往、交流、交融的结果。The Yunnan-Guizhou region is an important part of southwestern China,and its natural and cultural environment settings have shaped the diverse subsistence strategies adopted by the early inhabitants.This article examines the archaeological plant materials unearthed in the Yunnan-Guizhou region in the hope of exploring the crop structures,agricultural development processes,and regional characteristics during the Neolithic and Bronze Age.The results show that the Yunnan-Guizhou region has been practicing a mixed farming system of rice and millet since the late Neolithic.With the introduction of cereal crops in the Bronze Age,such as wheat,a rice-millet-wheat mixed farming system became prevalent in northwestern Yunnan and eastern Yunnan.In addition to cultivated crops,wild plant resources also played an important role in the lives of early inhabitants in the Yunnan-Guizhou region.Thus,exploring the diversified plant resource utilization strategies during the Neolithic to Bronze Age in this region is of significant importance in understanding the early civilization processes in southwestern China.The selection of plant resources was not only a means for early inhabitants to adapt to and explore the mountainous environment but also the result of cultural interaction,exchange,and integration between different regions.

关 键 词：云贵地区 新石器时代 青铜时代 植物考古 农业 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]