论唐宋时期的蜀道管理制度及其特征  

On the Shu Road Management System and its Characteristics During the Tangand Song Dynasties

作　　者：马强[1] Ma Qiang

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2023年第6期130-140,189,共12页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“蜀道文献整理与研究”(项目编号:17ZDA190)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：蜀道在唐宋时期国家交通体系中占有重要地位,同时也出现了相应的制度保障。唐代蜀道的改线与大规模整修由王朝中央直接管控,宋代这一制度则进一步强化。蜀道管理作为唐宋国家制度文明的产物,呈现出周全性、进步性兼顾人性化等特征。唐朝的蜀道日常维护与守护实行兵民合一的军事化管理,并纳入地方官员的政绩考课,这一制度在宋朝更加完善周密。蜀道交通立法自唐代出现,在宋代则推行至蜀道沿线基层城邑,保存在故道城市略阳的《仪制令》碑石是宋代交通法规的重要文物,体现了蜀道交通法规中儒家等级尊卑伦理观念与社会秩序观念;而蜀道沿线种植树木以表行道制度在宋代既有制度规定,又有实际运行及成效,开了明清时期在蜀道大规模种植行道树的先河。The Shu Road occupied an important position in the national transportation system during the Tang and Song dynasties,and corresponding institutional guarantees also appeared.In Tang Dynasty.the rerouting and large-scale renovation of the Shu Road were directly controlled by the central government of the dynasty,and this system was further strengthened in Song Dynasty.As a product of the national institutional civilization of the Tang and Song dynasties,the management of the Shu Road showed the characteristics of comprehensiveness,progress and humanization.in the Tang Dynasty,the daily maintenance and guarding of the Shu Road was under militarized management with the integration of soldiers and civilians,and was included in the performance examination of iocal officials.This system became more complete and thorough in Song Dynasty.The Shu Road traffic legislation appeared in Tang Dynasty,and was implemented in the grassroots cities along the Shu Road in Song Dynasty.The Yi Zhi Ling stele preserved in the old city of Lueyang is an important cultural relic of Song Dynasty traffic laws,which embodies the ethical concepts of hierarchy and social order of Confucianism in the Shu Road traffic laws.The system of planting trees along the Shu Road to represent street roads had both institutional regulations and actual operation in Song Dynasty.It set the precedent for large-scale planting of street trees on the Shu Road in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：唐宋时期 蜀道 交通管理 制度文明 

分 类 号：F512.9[经济管理—产业经济] K878.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K242[历史地理—历史学] K244