大豆萌发期和全生育期抗旱性评价及优异种质筛选  

Evaluation and Screening of Soybean Drought Resistance During Germination and Whole Growth Period

作　　者：孙鹏宇 裴双康 周永刚 李海燕[1] Sun Pengyu;Pei Shuangkang;Zhou Yonggang;Li Haiyan(School of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,570288)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570288

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第2期490-502,共13页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3217150570,32201716);海南省崖州湾揭榜挂帅项目(B21HJ0901);海南省自然科学基金项目(321QN182)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了建立高效、准确的大豆种质综合抗旱性评价体系,筛选抗旱且优异的大豆种质资源,本研究以200份不同地区大豆种质为试验材料,分别统计萌发期的种子发芽势、种子相对发芽率、相对种子发芽指数和相对种子萌发抗旱指标及全生育期的6个产量相关农艺性状。结果表明,针对萌发期抗旱评价,通过计算伤害率与隶属函数值,筛选出15份高抗旱型品种;针对全生育期抗旱评价,通过各性状抗旱指数(DI)、耐旱系数(DC)、加权耐旱系数(WDC)的数据,筛选出5份高抗旱型品种;进一步,针对不同时期的综合抗旱评价,基于各性状抗旱系数通过主成分分析方法,筛选出‘淮豆16’、‘贡选1号’、‘贡科豆8号’等6份在萌发期和全生育期都性状优异且综合抗旱性较强的种质材料。同时,对上述大豆不同时期抗旱性评价方法的结果进行相关性分析,结果表明综合抗旱评价体系与各时期不同评价方法间都存在显著相关性,说明该方法可以对大豆种质资源抗旱能力进行综合有效的评价。综上,本研究结果为大豆抗旱种质资源的筛选、抗旱新品种的选育及生产应用提供方法与抗旱材料。In this study,we evaluated 200 highly diverse soybean varieties to identify the drought tolerant soybean germplasm with excellent agronomic traits and to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of drought tolerant screening methods in soybean.Statistical analysis was performed on various seed germination related traits,like,seed germination potential,the relative germination rate and the relative germination index and six yield related agronomic traits.These results help identify 15 highly drought-tolerant soybean varieties based on correlation analysis between injury rate and germination related traits under drought stress.For the evaluation of drought tolerance in the whole growth period,five drought tolerant varieties were screened out based on the drought resistance index(DI),the drought tolerance coefficient(DC)and the weighted drought tolerance coefficient(WDC).Furthermore,according to the comprehensive drought tolerant evaluation in different periods,we screened out'Huaidou 16','Gongxuan 1','Gongkedou 8'and other 6 varieties with excellent agronomic traits and drought tolerance in the germination period and the whole growth period by the principal component analysis method.Meanwhile,the results of drought tolerance evaluation methods in different periods of soybean were analyzed.These results showed a sig-nificant correlation between the comprehensive drought tolerance evaluation system and different evaluation methods in different periods,which indicated that these methods could comprehensively and effectively evaluate the drought tolerance of soybean germplasm.In summary,the results of this study provided robust methods for the screening of soybean drought-tolerant germplasm with excellent agronomic traits for the breeding of new drought-resistant varieties with higher production capability.

关 键 词：大豆 抗旱性 萌发期 全生育期 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]