不同形态氮肥对黄瓜生长和营养元素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Cucumis sativus L.Growth and Nutrient Elements Absorption and Utilization

作　　者：班甜甜 李晓慧 马超 Ban Tiantian;Li Xiaohui;Ma Chao(Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第2期526-534,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：贵州省农业科学院基金项目(黔农科院青年基金[2018]84号);贵州省农业科学院专项(黔农科院种质资源[2020]10号)共同资助;国家自然科学基金项目(31760596);贵州省蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系项目(GZCYTX2021-01)。

摘　　要：为了揭示同等氮水平下不同氮肥形态对黄瓜生长和营养元素吸收利用的影响。通过无土盆栽试验,研究6种同量不同形态氮肥处理(100%NH_(4)^(+)-N,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%NH_(4)^(+)-N,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2),100%CO(NH_(2))_(2),50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2))对黄瓜生长指标和N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的吸收与分配的影响。结果表明:50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)处理时,干重、株高、蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量最高,100%NH_(4)^(+)-N处理时最低,而50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)处理时茎粗和叶绿素相对含量与最大值之间差异不显著;三种单一氮肥中,100%CO(NH_(2))_(2)更有利于黄瓜植株对N元素的吸收,但混合氮肥对N吸收作用优于单一氮肥;100%NH_(4)^(+)-N促进了黄瓜对P和Fe元素的吸收而不利于K、Ca、Mg的吸收,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N不利于黄瓜对P和Fe的吸收却显著增强了K、Ca、Mg的吸收,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)等混合氮肥可一定程度促进黄瓜对P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的均衡吸收;50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)处理时,N、K每株的积累量达到最大值,Ca的积累量虽然没有达到最大值,但与最大值之间差异不显著,而P、Fe则在50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)处理时积累量达到最大值;相关性分析发现,干重、蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量与N的积累量变化规律一致,均在50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)处理时达到最大值,且与N积累量之间极显著正相关。综上可得,相同氮水平下混合氮肥更有利于黄瓜的生长和对营养元素吸收利用,且本研究中最合适的氮肥形态组合为50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)。这一结论为黄瓜生产中黄瓜品质的提升和氮肥的利用提供技术支撑。In order to explore the effect of different nitrogen forms on Cucumis sativus L.growth and nutrient elements absorption and utilization under the same nitrogen level.By the soil-free pot experiment,the effects of 6 nitrogen treatments(100%NH_(4)^(+)-N,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%NH_(4)^(+)-N,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2),100%CO(NH_(2))_(2),50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2))on the growth indicators and absorption and distribution of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe in Cucumis sativus L.were studied.The results showed that the dry weight,plant height,protein content and amino acid content was highest in 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2),while the lowest in 100%NH_(4)^(+)-N treatment.The difference between the maximum value and the value of stem diameter and chlorophyll content in 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)treatment was not significant.In the three single nitrogenous fertilizer,100%CO(NH_(2))_(2)was more beneficial to the absorption of N,while the effect of N absorption by mixed nitrogen fertilizer was obviously better than that of single nitrogen fertilizer.100%NH_(4)^(+)-N promoted the absorption of P and Fe in cucumber,but inhibited the absorption of K,Ca and Mg.On the contrary,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N has adverse effect on the absorption of P and Fe in cucumber,but enhanced the absorption of K,Ca and Mg significantly.As a result 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)and other mixed nitrogen fertilizer could promote the balanced absorption of P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe in cucumber to some extent.By the treatment of 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2),the accumulation of N and K reached the maximum value.Although the accumulation of Ca was not the maximum with the treatment of 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2),the difference was not significant with the maximum.While the accumulation of P and Fe were the maximum by the treatment of 50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2).Correlation analysis found that the change rule of dry weight,protein content and amino acid content was consistent with the accumulation of N,which reached maximum by the tre

关 键 词：氮肥形态 黄瓜 生长 营养元素 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]