新《体育法》中“妇女特别保障权”的规范建构及实践路径  

The Normative Construction and Implementation Path of"The Right to Special Guarantee for Women"in the New Law of the People's Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports

作　　者：万艺 WAN Yi(School of Law,Jiangnan University)

机构地区：[1]江南大学法学院

出　　处：《人权法学》2023年第6期81-96,137,138,共18页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目“体育性别平等的法治保障研究”(项目编号:22TYD013);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“教育法治化背景下的教育规律与价值体系研究”(项目编号:2022SJYB0952)。

摘　　要：2022年最新修订通过的《中华人民共和国体育法》确立了“平等保护+特别保障”的立法模式,首次在法律层面规定了“妇女特别保障权”。尽管新《体育法》共有四处提及妇女权益的特别保障,但并未对“妇女特别保障权”的内涵与权能等详细展开。结合我国宪法中平等权的国家保护义务功能与集体人权理论,规范建构出可被实践化的“妇女特别保障权”,剖析出内嵌其中的“体育性别平等权利、国家特别保障权利、特殊权利与组织权利”四重内涵。为推动“妇女特别保障权”之落实,进一步提出相关的立法及政策建议,借此探索体育领域中推动性别平等的法律进路。On June 24,2022,the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress voted to pass the new Law of the People's Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports.The new Sports Law establishes the legislative model of"equal protection+special guarantee"in Article 5 of the General Provisions.Specifically,the first sentence of Article 5 embodies the"right to equal participation in sports activities,"and the second sentence embodies the"right to special guarantee for women."This is the first time that the"right to special guarantee for women"in sports has been provided for at the legal level in the form of legislation.Although there are four references to special protection for women in the new Sports Law,the legislation does not elaborate on the connotation and power of the"right to special guarantee for women."By tracing back to the human rights theory,the"right to special guarantee for women"has been elaborated and constructed through the classic theory of"right to equality"and the cutting-edge theory of"collective human rights",at the same time,the"theory of national protection duty"in the Constitution and the relevant provisions of"gender equality and anti-discrimination"in international conventions will be further deepened to build a unique and practical"women's special protection rights."Based on this theory,the four dimensions of the"right to gender equality in sport,the right to special State guarantees,the right to specificity,and the right to organize"embedded in it are analyzed.Among them,the most basic and core connotation is the"right to gender equality in sports",which is also an extension of the"right to equality"theory in the Constitution in the field of sports.Its'typical embodiment is the"right to equal participation in sports"stipulated in the new Sports Law.The"right to special State guarantee"is the right connotation based on the function of State's duty to protect,which is typified by the equal scrutiny of gender-specific sports programs."Special right"is a right con

关 键 词：妇女特别保障权 《中华人民共和国体育法》 平等权 国家保护义务 集体人权 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]